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AICM High Yield > Renal Pathology > Flashcards

Renal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what does the BUN/Creatine ratio have to be to be pre renal problems

A

> 20

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2
Q

what kind of casts are seen in nephrotic syndrome

A

fatty casts

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3
Q

why is there hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome

A

because of the lack of transfer proteins

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4
Q

what is one of the first proteins to be lost in nephrotic syndrome

A

antithrombin 3

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5
Q

what makes the glomerulus negative in charge

A

antithrombin 3

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6
Q

what casts are found in nephritic syndrome

A

RBC and neutrophil

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7
Q

azotemia is seen in nephritic syndrome why

A

because the nitrogenous waste builds up in the system due to the decreased GFR

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8
Q

the 5 nephritic syndromes

A 
Alport syndrome
IgA Nephropathy
Acute strep glomerulonephritis
rapidly progressive GN
membranoproliferazive GN
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9
Q

5 nephrotic syndromes

A

-Diabetic GN
-Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
-Minimal Change disease
Membranous nephropathy
-Amyloidosis

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10
Q

erythropoietin is made where in the kidney

A

in the peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

respiratory alkalosis is fixed with what drug class

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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12
Q

what are the two drugs that fix respiratory alkalosis and make the blood more acidic by not allowing the reabsorption of HCO3

A
  1. Azetozolamide

2. Dorzolamide

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13
Q

what are UDE of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A
  1. kidney stones
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14
Q

name the four loop diuretics

A
  1. Furosemide
  2. Ethacrinic Acid
  3. Torsemide
  4. Bumetanide
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15
Q

which loop diuretic has the least amount of sulfa

A

Ethacrinic Acid

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16
Q

what is a UDE of loop diuretics

A

electrolyte imbalance because electrolytes are left in the tubules because these are antihypertensive drugs

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17
Q

where do thiazide diuretics work

A

distal convoluted tubule

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18
Q

what pump do thiazide diuretics work on

A

Ca+/Na+ counter transporter

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19
Q

what pump do thiazide diuretics activate

A

Ca+/Ca+ pump

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20
Q

what are two UDE of thiazides

A

hyponatremia

hypercalcemia

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21
Q

which drugs are given to decrease the chance of kidney stones

A

thiazides

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22
Q

which diuretics can block the beta cells in the pancreas and cause hyperglycemia and should not be used in diabetic patients

A

thiazide diuretics

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23
Q

what drugs block the aldosterone receptor

A

spironolactone and epleronon

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24
Q

what causes the sodium/potassium pump to run faster and places more potassium in BV

A

potassium sparing diuretics

25
Q

where is angiotensinogen found

A

the liver

26
Q

where is angiotensin converting enzyme located

A

the lungs

27
Q

what turns angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

A

renin

28
Q

what are the normal potassium levels in the blood

A

3.5-5.0

29
Q

low potassium can cause what

A

arrhythmia

30
Q

Loop diuretics are prescribed with what

A

potassium sparing

31
Q

what are the two treatments for scabies

A

albendazole

permethrin

32
Q

what causes T wave depression

A

decreased K+

33
Q

what causes T wave elevation

A

increased K+

34
Q

what potassium sparing diuretics block the Na/K pump so that K+ is reabsorbed

A

Amioloride and Triemterene

35
Q

Fanoni Disease is associated with

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

36
Q

Barters Disease is caused by what

A

loop diuretics

37
Q

Gittleman Disease is caused by

A

thiazide diuretics

38
Q

little syndrome is corrected by what drugs

A

potassium sparing diuretics

`

39
Q

what are normal sodium levels

A

137

40
Q

normal creatinine

A

.8-1.4

41
Q

what is used to measure kidney perfusion

A

PAH “ Para Aminhippuric acid”

20% is filtered and 80% is reabsorbed

42
Q

what percentage of creatinine is filtered

A

80% and 20% is secreted

43
Q

what two things are 100% filtered

A

inulin and mannitol

44
Q

what is known to cause a “flushing effect” in the kidney

A

mannitol

45
Q

what is good to use for poisoning or myoglobin seen in crush injuries

A

mannitol

46
Q

normal GFR

A

120-125ml/min

47
Q

kf represents what

A

permeability in the basement membrane of the kidney

48
Q

what are the first parts of the kidney that are affected in diabetes

A

the peritubular capillaries

49
Q

Renal plasma flow =?

A

RBF(1-Hct)

50
Q

how can NSAIDs affect the kidney

A

because they can decrease the prostaglandins in the afferent arteriole, causing the vessel to vasoconstrictor

51
Q

floxacin ending is a what

A

antibiotic

52
Q

where are glucose and amino acids 100% reabsorbed in the kidney

A

PCT

53
Q

if glucose isn’t reabsorbed in the PCT what happens

A

Diabetes

54
Q

what happens when all PCT pumps fail after a patient takes old tetracycline, amino glycoside,valproic acid, or cisplatin and acute renal failure occurs

A

Fanconi Syndrome

55
Q

what 5 pathologies can exist with fanconi syndrome as well

A 
Wilsons Disease
Tyrosinemia
Galactose Intolerance 
Fructose Intolerance 
Cystinosis
56
Q

valproic acid is for

A

seizures and manic/bipolar episodes

57
Q

what presents with overactive sodium/potassium pumps and has hypokalemia, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, low aldosterone levels due to high BP

A

Liddle Syndrome

58
Q

what drugs is good for glaucoma and GFR measurement

A

mannitol

AICM High Yield (2 decks)

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