Renal Part 2: Schoenwald Flashcards
Electrolyte Panel: (includes)
Na K CL CO2
Kidney is the main regulator of water and _____
sodium
Sodium: normal range
Normal 136-145 mEq/L
Sodium is the primary circulating _____
cation (extracellular space)
Sodium is needed for?
neuromuscular function
Sodium: -how are serum levels balanced?
Serum levels are the balance between dietary intake and renal excretion
Sodium: -indicator of ____
*free body water -If free water increased, Na diluted and levels decrease -If free water decreased, Na concentrated and levels increased
Sodium is a major contributor to _____
plasma osmolality
Osmolality: normal serum
280-295 mOsm/kg H20
Osmolality is useful in which settings?
hyponatremia, evaluating ADH (antidiuertic hormone) related illnesses
Osmolality: -measures?
concentration of dissolved particles in blood
As amount of free water increases, amount of particles decreases= osmolality ______
osmolality decreases
As amount of free water decreases, amount of particles increases=osmolality
increases
Therefore, osmolality decreases with _____
overhydration, and increases with dehydration
Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH): -regulates?
body water and osmolality
ADH is stimulated by (3 things)
Increased osmolality Hypovolemia Thirst
ADH acts on the ______ ______ to increase permeability=increase water reabsorption=more concentrated urine
collecting tubule
Osmolality-Serum: -Is increased in:
-Hypernatremia -Hyperglycemia -Ketosis -Dehydration -Diabetes insipidus
Osmolality-Serum: -is decreased in:
-Overhydration -Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH=
=Abnormally high amount of ADH present –Increased water reabsorption leading to decreased serum sodium levels —Lose sodium in urine
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH: -What is a common cause of this syndrome?
drugs (commonly after anesthesia type drugs ie post surgery)
Diabetes insipidus= inadequate amount of ____ present
ADH
Diabetes Insipidus: -Sx? -Labs?
Sx: increased thirst and passage of large volumes of dilute urine -Hypernatremia present
Urine Osmolality: normal range
50-1200 mOsm/kg H20



