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Year 3 - Uro > Renal medicine with Shyam > Flashcards

Renal medicine with Shyam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the renal pelvis

A

Calicyxes together

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2
Q

What is the renal papillae?

A

Papillae is at the intersection between renal pyramids and calcyx

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3
Q

Name an inherited kidney disease

A

Polycystic kidney disease

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4
Q

What type of headache is associated with PKD?

A

SAH

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5
Q

What type of headache is associated with autosomal dominant PKD? (ADPKD)

A

SAH

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6
Q

Where does the bleeding end up SAH? What imaging do you do therefore?

A

In the ventricles, hence do a CT head to rule out bleed (if normal, thromboembolic stroke)

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7
Q

Mnemonic for post renal kidney disease

A

SNIPPIN

Stones
Neoplasm
Inflammation 
Prostatitis 
Posterior urethral valve 
Infections - TB, Schistosomiasis
Neurological - neuropathies, post operative urinary retention
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8
Q

At what stage do you start putting plans in for dialysis?

A

Stage 3a/3b

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9
Q

What is the long term management for someone with

A

Conservative
Medical - ACEi (nephroprotective)
Dialysis
Surgical - transplant

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10
Q

Three types of fistula for dialysis

A 
AV fistula
AV graft (synthetic graft 
Tessio line - into SVC via subclavian
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11
Q

Dialysis indications

A

AEIOU

Acidosis - pH below 7.1
Electrolytes - hyperkalemia
Intoxication/poison with drugs
Overload
Uremia
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12
Q

What two things does hyperuremia cause?

A

Hyperuremic encephalopathy

Pericarditis

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13
Q

What do you give during the induction phase of immunosuppression before kidney transplant?

A

Alatuzimab

Basiliximab

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14
Q

Which drugs are given after a transplant

A

Tacrolimus (twice a day, same time)
+ prednisolone (short course)
+ mycophenolate mofetil

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15
Q

Symptoms of long term steroids

A

Cushingoid
Mood disorders
Osteoporosis
Psychosis

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16
Q

What is AKI?

A

Sudden reversible loss of kidney function

17
Q

Symptoms of AKI

A 
Oliguria/anuria
Oedema - periorbital and peripheral
Fatigue
Pruritis
Metallic taste in mouth (uremia)
18
Q

What is the definition of oliguria

A

Less than 0.5ml/kg/6hrs

19
Q

Drugs causing AKI

A

CANDA

Contrast 
Aminoglycosides
NSAIDS
Diuretics 
ACEi/ARBs
20
Q

Name an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamycin

Also toxic to ears

21
Q

Name two NSAIDs

A

Celecoxib

Diclofenac

22
Q

What are the two classifications of urethritis + causes

A

Urethritis - gonnorhoeic and non-gonnorhoeic NGU (chlamydia trichomonas, trichomoniasis, ecoli, klebsiela)

Compression/
Puffy inflammation

23
Q

What is the type of pain when the bladder is infected?

A

Cystitis -
Suprapubic and pelvic pain
more constant pain

24
Q

Pain type in ureter inflammation

A

Ureters - uretitis - loin to groin pain

25
Q

What is pyelonephritis caused by?

A

Pyelonephritis = bacterial infection of kidney

26
Q

Antibiotics given in pregnancy

A

Trimethroprim

Nitrofurantoin

27
Q

Antibiotics given in pregnancy

A

Cefalexin

28
Q

Antibiotics given in pyelonephriti

A

Cefotaxime

29
Q

How long do you give the Abx for people with uncomplicated vaginal anatomy -

A

3 days

30
Q

Antibiotics given in pyelonephritis

A

Cefotaxime

31
Q

How long do you give the Abx for people with uncomplicated vaginal anatomy

A

3 days

32
Q

How long do you give the Abx for people with uncomplicated penile anatomy?

A

7d

33
Q

When do you do a USS?

A

Children
Men
Recurrence
Pyelonephritis

34
Q

Investigations for UTI

A

Urine dipstick positive for WCC, nitrates and maybe pH changes

35
Q

How many colonies of bacteria do you need grow before you give antibiotics?

A

10 000 (10 to the power of 4) colonies

36
Q

How many colonies of bacteria do you need grow before you give antibiotics if the bacteria is ecoli or staph?

A

1000 colonies if Ecoli or staph?

Year 3 - Uro (8 decks)

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