Renal medicine with Shyam Flashcards
What is the renal pelvis
Calicyxes together
What is the renal papillae?
Papillae is at the intersection between renal pyramids and calcyx
Name an inherited kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease
What type of headache is associated with PKD?
SAH
What type of headache is associated with autosomal dominant PKD? (ADPKD)
SAH
Where does the bleeding end up SAH? What imaging do you do therefore?
In the ventricles, hence do a CT head to rule out bleed (if normal, thromboembolic stroke)
Mnemonic for post renal kidney disease
SNIPPIN
Stones Neoplasm Inflammation Prostatitis Posterior urethral valve Infections - TB, Schistosomiasis Neurological - neuropathies, post operative urinary retention
At what stage do you start putting plans in for dialysis?
Stage 3a/3b
What is the long term management for someone with
Conservative
Medical - ACEi (nephroprotective)
Dialysis
Surgical - transplant
Three types of fistula for dialysis
AV fistula AV graft (synthetic graft Tessio line - into SVC via subclavian
Dialysis indications
AEIOU
Acidosis - pH below 7.1 Electrolytes - hyperkalemia Intoxication/poison with drugs Overload Uremia
What two things does hyperuremia cause?
Hyperuremic encephalopathy
Pericarditis
What do you give during the induction phase of immunosuppression before kidney transplant?
Alatuzimab
Basiliximab
Which drugs are given after a transplant
Tacrolimus (twice a day, same time)
+ prednisolone (short course)
+ mycophenolate mofetil
Symptoms of long term steroids
Cushingoid
Mood disorders
Osteoporosis
Psychosis
What is AKI?
Sudden reversible loss of kidney function
Symptoms of AKI
Oliguria/anuria Oedema - periorbital and peripheral Fatigue Pruritis Metallic taste in mouth (uremia)
What is the definition of oliguria
Less than 0.5ml/kg/6hrs
Drugs causing AKI
CANDA
Contrast Aminoglycosides NSAIDS Diuretics ACEi/ARBs
Name an aminoglycoside
Gentamycin
Also toxic to ears
Name two NSAIDs
Celecoxib
Diclofenac
What are the two classifications of urethritis + causes
Urethritis - gonnorhoeic and non-gonnorhoeic NGU (chlamydia trichomonas, trichomoniasis, ecoli, klebsiela)
Compression/
Puffy inflammation
What is the type of pain when the bladder is infected?
Cystitis -
Suprapubic and pelvic pain
more constant pain
Pain type in ureter inflammation
Ureters - uretitis - loin to groin pain
