Renal Investigation Flashcards
What should you do with red coloured urine?
What should you ask?
Spin it down to differentiate between pigment and haematuria
Is it present at the start, middle or end?
What can suggest the cause of haematuria?
Pollakuria, stranguria suggest the bladder or urethra is involved.
Painless haematuria suggests upper urinary tract
What is the first step in evaluating a patient with haematuria?
Urinalysis and culture to rule out bacterial infection
Pyuria indicates an inflammatory process
What is the first step in evaluating an animal with PU-PD
Urinalysis- USG
First thing in the morning will show maximum concentrating ability
What is the easiest way to rule out primary polydipsia?
Hospitalisation can resolve psychogenic polydipsia
What is the hallmark for glomerular disease?
Marked, persistent proteinuria
What are the two glomerular diseases?
Glomerular amyloidosis
Glomerulonephritis
How should urinary protein:creatinine ratio be interpreted?
Should only be measured where there is no pyuria or blood contamination
Persistent proteinuria suggests glomerulonephritis/glomerular amyloidosis
How is renal tubular function assessed?
USG and Glucose (in primary renal glycosuria or fanconi)
Why is proteinuria a particular problem?
It promotes interstitial inflammation and contributes to tubulointerstitial disease
What 6 things are used for management of glomerular disease?
Remove inflammatory disease Feed moderately low protein diet ACE inhibitor Aldosterone antagonist Angiotensin inhibitor Platelet inhibition
Why is thromboembolism a complication in glomerular disease?
Nephrotic syndrome results in a hypercoagulable state
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hypercholesterolaemia
Ascites/edema
