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Renal > Renal Histology PPT > Flashcards

Renal Histology PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 cortical interstitial cell

A

Resembles a fibroblast and has a stellate appearance with an irregularly shaped nucleus and well-developed rough and smooth ER
Appear to be involved in synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin

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2
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Excreted by interstitial cells

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3
Q

Type 2 cortical interstitial cell

A

Round with sparse cytoplasm and only a few cellular organelles seen

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4
Q

Type 1 medullary interstitial cells

A

Have prominent lipid-containing vesicles but do not express EPO mRNA - so main difference there and do not contain echo-5’-nucleotidase. Found in inner stripe of the outer medulla and are believed to synthesize prostaglandins in response to angiotensin

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5
Q

Type 2 medullary interstitial cell

A

Thought to have phagocytic properties and resembles a lymphocyte; present in outer medulla

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6
Q

Type 3 medullary interstitial cell

A

A pericyte that is located in the outer medulla and outer portion of the inner medulla; closely related to descending vasa recta

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7
Q

Lipid droplets

A

In type 1 medullary interstitial cell, consist mainly of triglycerides and cholesterol esters/phospholipids. Triglycerides are rich in unsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid

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8
Q

Prostate

A

Compound tubulo-alveolar gland

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9
Q

Lining of prostatic urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

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10
Q

Lining of membranous urethra

A

Pseudostratified to stratified columnar epithelium

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11
Q

Lining of penile urethra

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at distal end where it’s non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Water-impermeable lining that rests on the lamina propria of the urinary system
In upper 2/3 of ureter, lamina propria is encircled by two layers of smooth muscle with innermost layer oriented longitudinally and outmost being circular

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13
Q

Aquaporin 2

A

Water channel located in the IMCD3 that is expressed in response to ADH. It is present on the apical membrane

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14
Q

AQP3 and AQP4

A

Expressed on basolateral membrane for exit of water after its been reabsorbed via AQP2 on apical membrane

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15
Q

Where is urea transported in inner medullary collecting duct?

A

In segments IMCD2 and IMCD3

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16
Q

UT-A1

A

Urea transporter expressed exclusively in IMCD3 on the apical membrane

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17
Q

UT-A2

A

Urea transporter expressed in the loop of Henle

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18
Q

OMCD principal cells

A

They also contain ENaC’s and Na-K ATPase but there is no evidence that they secrete potassium

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19
Q

Afferent pain fibers

A

Renal parenchyma does not contain these fibers which are parasympathetic derived - just innervated by sympathetic

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20
Q

Columns of Bertin

A

Where the inter lobar arteries enter the renal parenchyma

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21
Q

Interlobular arteries

A

Come from the arcuate arteries that then work to ascend in radial pattern to the capsule

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22
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Come off of the interlobular arteries and give way to tufts of capillaries within the glomerulus that become the efferent arteriole upon exit

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23
Q

Compound tubular gland

A

Histologically, the kidney is this type of gland

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24
Q

Metanephric blastema

A

Nephrons develop from this

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25
Q

Ureteric bud

A

Collecting tubules and ducts are NOT considered part of the nephron because they derive from this body of mesoderm

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26
Q

Glomerular basal lamina

A

Lies in between the podocytes and capillary epithelium and is made up of mesangial cells (derived from bone marrow)

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27
Q

Mesangial cells

A

Have phagocytic and contractile properties and thus their contractile properties are what take part in the sieving coefficient of glomerular filter to alter the capillary luminal caliber

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28
Q

Lamina rara interna

A

Radiolucent layer of the glomerular basal lamina

29
Q

Lamina densa

A

Middle layer and most electron dense - it contains type IV collagen fibers

30
Q

Lamina rara externa

A

Where pedicels of podocytes attach - this is the layer that contains a lot of heparin sulfur and polyanions to generate a repellant force against proteins

31
Q

Alpha3-Beta1 integrin

A

What attaches the pedicels to glomerular basal lamina - specifically to the lamina rara externa of this structure

32
Q

Nephrin 1

A

forms interdigitating filaments that make up the central core between two adjacent pedicels

33
Q

Nephrin 2

A

Located on either side of the central core of nephrin 1

34
Q

Podocin

A

Anchors filaments to pedicels

35
Q

Nephrosis

A

Mutations of nephrite an lead to this disorder as well as CD2AP mutations

36
Q

Polyanionic glycosaminoglycans

A

Endothelial cells of capillaries and podocytes have an anionic coat made up of these as well as glycoproteins to help with repelling filtration of negatively charged proteins

37
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Synthesized by endothelial cells as a vasodilator

38
Q

Endothelin

A

Synthesized by endothelial cells as a vasoconstrictor

39
Q

VEGF

A

Produced by podocytes to help stimulate endothelial cell development and maintain fenestrations

40
Q

Albumin

A

Basal lamina has pores that are just large enough to allow for passage of this protein at its size of 66-68 kD

41
Q

Podocin

A

Anchors nephrite molecules through attachments to zonula occludes 1, CD2-associated protein, and F-actin

42
Q

S3

A

Only segment of the proximal tubule which is not in the cortex - it begins at the junction of the outer and inner stripes of the medulla

43
Q

Na-H antiport

A

Sodium is transported into proximal tubule cells via this transporter

44
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Principal anion in S1 and S2 segments

45
Q

Chloride

A

Principal anion in S2 and S3 segments

46
Q

Megalin/cubulin

A

Receptors on luminal plasma membrane for filtered proteins to allow endocytosis of them

47
Q

Organic anion transporters 1 and 3

A

Take up anions from the blood on basolateral side - only tubule segment to do this

48
Q

Multi-drug resistance protein 2 and 4

A

Extrudes anions on apical side

49
Q

Gamma glutamyltransferase/dehydropeptidase

A

Brush-border enzymes in tubular epithelium with greatest level of activity

50
Q

Polycystin-1

A

Mediates cell to cell and cell-ECM attachments

51
Q

Polycystin-2

A

Calcium permeable channel

52
Q

1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D

A

Generated exclusively in the proximal tubule cells via activity of enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase

53
Q

Intracellular glutathione

A

Only secreted by kidney in proximal tubule

54
Q

Aquaporin 1

A

Descending thing limb of the loops of Henle is permeable to water due to increase expression of this protei

55
Q

Medullary pars recta

A

Another name for th outer medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

56
Q

Cortical pars recta

A

Name for the cortical ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle

57
Q

Pars maculata

A

Located in the distal tubule - the macula densa

58
Q

Pars convoluta

A

Distal convoluted tubules

59
Q

Pars macula

A

JGA is made of this in the distal tubule

60
Q

PTH receptors

A

Located on the basolateral membrane of the distal convoluted tubule to stimulate calcium absorption via the Na/Ca exchanger

61
Q

Calbindin28k

A

Expressed in second half of the DCT

62
Q

Ca-Mg ATPase

A

Expressed with more activity in the distal convoluted tubule than in any other segments

63
Q

Alpha intercalated cells

A

Predominate over beta in the connecting tubule

64
Q

Aldosterone

A

Connecting tubule cells are first to respond to aldosterone to induce potassium secretion; aldosterone acts on intranuclear receptors to induce increased gene transcription of ENaC’s and Na-K ATPase

65
Q

H+-ATPase

A

Expressed in alpha intercalated cells to lead to acid secretion

66
Q

AE1

A

Located on basolateral membrane - Cl/HCO3 exchanger that promotes bicarb excretion

67
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to glycosylation of the H+-ATPase making transporter dysfunctional and causing patients to be more prone to acidosis

68
Q

Principal cells

A

Non-motile cilia thought to be important for mechanosensors of tubular flow

Renal (7 decks)

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