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Renal histology / anatomy > Renal Histology and Anatomy > Flashcards

Renal Histology and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the area where the renal artery enters, and where the renal vein and ureter exits, is called…

A

hilum

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2
Q

size of a normal kidney?

A

11cm length

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3
Q

average adult kidney weight?

A

female 135g

male 150g

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4
Q

what is the peritoneal relationship of the kidneys?

A

retroperitoneal organs

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5
Q

superior and inferior borders of the kidney?

A

cranial: superior border of T12 vertebra
caudal: level with L3 vertebra

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6
Q

important vascular relationship of l kidney?

A

L gonadal artery and vein drain through it

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7
Q

From what direction is it easiest to approach the kidneys? Why?

A

Posterior - lower 2/3 covered by muscle, adipose tissue – makes them susceptible to injury (e.g.blunt trauma) but also provides better approach for percutaneous biopsy

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8
Q

Describe the blood supply to the kidney

A
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9
Q

Three parts of the ureter?

A

Fibrous, muscular, mucous

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10
Q

Where do the ureters open in to the bladder?

A

Lateral angles of the trigone

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What is a medullary ray?

A

Parallel configuration of tubules (half a dozen or so)

Defines a lobule (glomeruli & all associated tubules that drain into collecting ducts and are portions of a medullary ray)

Medullary ray sits in CENTER of lobule; glomeruli are at BORDERS in rows

Vasculature (arteries, veins) run PARALLEL to medullary rays w/large lumen located at MR periphery

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13
Q

What portions of nephrons are in the medullary rays?

A

Parallel portions of tubules (NO convoluted portions)

  • Thick descending limb
  • Thick ascending limb
  • Collecting Duct
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What kind of tubular cell is this?

A

Proximal tubule cell

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16
Q

4?

A

Distal tubule

17
Q

s 1, 2?

A

Proximal tubules

18
Q

6?

A

Brush border of PT cells

19
Q

Outer medulla contains what?

A

Thick ascending limbs

Loops of Henle

Collecting ducts

20
Q

Inner medulla contains what?

A

Loops of Henle

Collecting ducts

More interstitium than outer medulla

21
Q

Difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle

Important similarity: thick ascending limb forms at the junction of the inner and outer medulla for BOTH types of nephrons (this defines the division between the two zones)

22
Q
A
23
Q

What structure is this?

What type of tissue makes up the red, green, and blue circles?

A

This is the ureter.

  • Red circle: lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
  • Blue circle: smooth muscle (unlike GI tract, not organized into discrete layers - rather, SMC bundles run in all directions)
  • Green circle: transitional (urothelial) epithelium
24
Q

Here are two bladder slices, at the same magnification.

  • Which is more distended?
  • What’s in the red rectangle at left? (same as the area immediately adjacent to it)
A
  • The bladder on the RIGHT is more distended (thinner mucosa = more stretched)
  • Red rectangle: SMCs in small fasicles in many different orientations (not discrete, circular longitudinal layers)
25
Q

This is the first part of the male urethra (the prostatic urethra).

  1. What is the vascular structure within the light blue ellipse called?
  2. The periurethral mucosa is in the green ellipse. It transitions from _______ to ______ epithelium.
A
  1. Corpus spongiosus (muscular cavernous blood vessels that can distend to contribute to erection)
  2. Transitional, squamous
26
Q

This is the female urethra.

  1. What type of epithelium lines the urethra at the bladder end? Closer to the external meatus?
  2. What is contained within the black circle?
  3. What prominent structure is in the blue circle?
A
  1. Transitional (bladder end), squamous (external meatus end)
  2. Glands
  3. Surrounding smooth muscle, which serves a sphincter role
27
Q

EM from glomerulus

  1. What type of endothelial cells are found here?
  2. Podocytes constitute the ______ layer of Bowman’s space
  3. What type of cell is found in the core of Bowman’s space, and how is it separated from the urinary space?
A
  1. Fenestrated
  2. Visceral
  3. Mesangial; by capillary or podocyte
28
Q

Kidney, Vascular injection

What is in the green box?

A

Interlobular artery –> 2 afferent arterioles –> 2 glomeruli (slightly out of the plane of focus)

29
Q

Kidney, vascular injection

  1. What is the green arrow pointing to?
  2. What about the green circle?
A
  1. Arcuate artery
  2. Vasa rectae
30
Q

Green arrow?

A

Renal glomerular arteriole, either afferent or efferent

31
Q

Black arrow?

A

Nucleus of visceral Bowman’s epithelial cell (parent of podocytes)

32
Q

Yellow arrow?

A

Mesangial cell nucleus

33
Q

Blue arrow?

A

Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule (squamous epithelium)

34
Q

Red arrow?

A

Endothelial cell nucleus in glomerular capillary loop

35
Q

What is the structure in the green box called?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

36
Q

What are the white, red, and blue arrows pointing to?

A
  • White: Lacis cells (extraglomerular lacis cells); unknown function
  • Red: Macula densa; senses Na+ delivery to the distal tubule (component of JG-renin apparatus)
  • Blue: Juxtaglomerular cells; sense pulse pressure in afferent arteriole, secrete renin in response to drop in pulse pressure in afferent arteriole or decreased Na+ delivery to the distal tubule
37
Q

We’re in the medulla now.

  1. Yellow circle?
  2. Red arrow?
A
  1. Yellow circle: Thin limbs of loop of henle
  2. Red arrow: collecting duct
38
Q

Red, black, and white arrows?

A
  1. Red: lumen of renal pelvis
  2. Black: renal calyx
  3. White: tip of renal pyramid (papilla)

Renal histology / anatomy (1 decks)

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