Renal/GU Rapid Review Flashcards
RTA associated w/ abnormal H+ secretion and neprholithiasis
Type I (distal) RTA
RTA associated w/ abnormal HCO3- reabsorption and rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA associated w/ decreased aldosterone
Type IV (distal) RTA
Treatment of hypernatremia
If unstable VS, give NS.
If normal VS, give D5W or 1/2 NS
DDx of hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatremia
DDx: cirrhosis, CHF, nephrotic syndrome, AKI, CKD
Chovstek and Trousseau signs
hypocalcemia
Most common causes of hypercalcemia
malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T waves and flattening U waves
hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
hyperkalemia
Rx for hyperkalemia
C BIG K
1st line Rx for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration
type of AKI in pt with FENA <1%
prerenal
49 yo M with acute onset flank pain and hematuria
nephrolithiasis
imaging test of choice for nephrolithiasis
non-con CT
U/S shows b/l enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. associated brain anomaly?
cerebral berry aneurysms. (with AD PCKD)
hematuria, HTN, oliguria
nephritic syndrome
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema
nephrotic syndrome
most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
FSGS
nephritic syndrome presenting 3 days after URI with a normal C3
IgA nephropathy (aka Berger disease)
most common type of testicular cancer
seminoma
palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain
Henoch Schonlein purpura
glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport syndrome
Glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis and goodpasture syndrome
RBC casts in urine sediment
glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
eos in urine sediment
allergic interstitial nephritis
waxy casts in urine sediment and maltese crossies (i.e. lipiduria)
nephrotic syndrome
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, pericardial friction rub
uremic syndrome
hematuria, flank pain and palpable flank mass
renal cell carcinoma
testicular cancer associated with beta HCG
choriocarcinoma
complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
cerebral pontine myelinolysis
salicylate ingestion
anion gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis 2/2 central resp. stimulation
acid/base disturbance in pregnant women
resp alkalosis
