Renal/GU Flashcards
1
Q
AKI = pre-renal causes
A
- Hypovolaemic states
- Oedematous states
- HF
- Hypotension
- Renal hypoperfusion
- These cause decreased blood flow to kidneys
2
Q
AKI = intrarenal causes
A
- ATN
- Glomerular disease
- Nephritis
- All cause damage to kidney
3
Q
AKI = postrenal causes
A
- BPH
- Stones
- these cause obstruction of urine outflow from kidneys
4
Q
AKI definition
A
Significant deterioration in renal function over hours or days clinically manifesting as an abrupt and sustained rise in urea and creatinine
5
Q
Clinical manifestations of AKI
A
- Oliguria or anuria
- HyperK, hypoNa
- Uraemia
- N+V
- Confusion, fatigue, drowsiness
- Prerenal = hypotn, HF
- Intra = infection, underlying disease
- Post = LUTS
6
Q
AKI Investigations
A
- Rise in serum creatinine >25mm in 48hrs OR rise in C >1.5X baseline in 7 days OR fall in urine output <0.5 >6hrs
7
Q
CKD definition
A
Abnormalities of kidney structure or function >3 months
eGFR <60
8
Q
CKD aetiology
A
- DM
- HTN = thickening of afferent arteriole
- Obstruction
9
Q
CKD S+S
A
fluid retention
Oliguria
Cardiac arrhythmias
Bruising, pallor, bruising
10
Q
CKD stages
A
G1 = >90 G2 = 60-89 G3 = 45-59 G3b = 30-44 G4 = 15-29 G5 = <15
11
Q
Most common bladder cancer
A
Transitional cell carcinoma
12
Q
Bladder cancer S+S
A
Painless haematuria
Recurrent UTI
Voiding irritability
LUTS
13
Q
Aetiology renal colic
A
Dehydration
High oxalate or protein
Anatomical factors
Obesity
14
Q
Stones made from
A
80% Ca based
15
Q
S+S colic
A
Loin to groin
Cant lie still
Unilateral
