RENAL FUNCTION AND RENAL FUNCTION TEST

Question 1

it supplies blood to the kidney

Answer 1

renal artery

Question 2

how much blood flow do kidneys receive?

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

based on average body size of

Answer 3

1.73m^2

Question 4

total renal blood flow

Answer 4

1200mL/min

Question 5

total renal plasma flow

Answer 5

600 to 700mL/min

Question 6

functions of kidney

Answer 6

1. Maintaining homeostasis
2. Excretion of waste products
3. Concerned with the maintenance
   of blood pressure and
   erythropoiesis

Question 7

it consists of eight capillary lobes referred to as capillary ducts

Answer 7

glomerulus

Question 8

molecular weight of glomerulus

Answer 8

<70,000

Question 9

where is the glomerulus located?

Answer 9

bowman’s capsule

Question 10

what are the pores in capillary wall membrane called?

Answer 10

fenestrated

Question 11

pores that increase capillary permeability but do not allow the passage of large
molecules and blood cells.

Answer 11

fenestrated

Question 12

restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes

Answer 12

Basement membrane (basal lamina)

Question 13

the thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed by
the intertwining foot processes of the podocytes of the
inner layer of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 13

Visceral epithelium of Bowman’s capsule.

Question 14

necessary to overcome the opposition of pressure from the fluid from the Bowman’s
capsule and the ONCOTIC PRESSURE of unfiltered plasma protein.

Answer 14

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Question 15

this mechanism maintains the glomerular blood pressure at a relatively constant rate

Answer 15

Autoregulatory mechanism

Question 16

Dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the
efferent arterioles

Answer 16

BP drops

Question 17

it regulates the flow of blood to and within the glomerulus.

Answer 17

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

Question 18

This system respond to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content

Answer 18

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

Question 19

this monitors the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Answer 19

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Question 20

The body cannot lose 120 mL of water-containing essential substances every
minute

Answer 20

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 21

REABSORPTION MECHANISMS

Answer 21

ACTIVE TRANSPORT and PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Question 22

Can be influenced by the concentration of the substance being transported.

Answer 22

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 23

in active transport, where is substance to be reabsorbed must combined with that is contained in the membranes of the renal tubular cells?

Answer 23

carrier protein

Question 24

plasma concentration at which active transport stops.

Answer 24

Renal threshold

Question 25

Renal threshold for glucose

Answer 25

160 to 180 mg/dL

Question 26

movement of molecules across membrane as a result of differences in their concentration or electrical potential.

Answer 26

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Question 27

location of Glucose Amino acids Salts in active transport

Answer 27

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Question 28

location of sodium in active transport

Answer 28

Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubule (PCT/DCT)

Question 29

location of water in passive transport

Answer 29

Proximal Convoluted Tubule(PCT) Descending Loop of Henle Collecting Duct

Question 30

location of urea in passive transport

Answer 30

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) Ascending Loop of Henle

Question 31

location of sodium in passive transport

Answer 31

Ascending Loop of Henle

Question 32

where is water removed by osmosis

Answer 32

descending loop of Henle

Question 33

what is reabsorbed in ascending loop of henle?

Answer 33

sodium and chloride

Question 34

a selective reabsorption process that serves to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

Answer 34

countercurrent mechanism

Question 35

where is the final concentration of the filtrate through the reabsorption of water begins

Answer 35

late distal convoluted tubule (and continues in the collecting duct.)

Question 36

2 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF TUBULAR SECRETION

Answer 36

Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus Regulation of acid- base balance

Question 37

THIS ACTS AS BUFFER TO THE BLOOD MAINTAINING NORMAL pH

Answer 37

BICARBONATE

Question 38

The standard tests used to measure the filtering capacity of the glomeruli

Answer 38

CLEARANCE TEST

Question 39

how is clearance test reported?

Answer 39

mL/min