Renal Function Flashcards
1
Q
kidney functions
A
reabsorbs bicarbonate
secretes hydrogen ions
produces erythropoietin and renin
2
Q
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
A
drop in BP/volume —> renin release —> angiotensin-ten to angiotensin 1 —> ACE release —> angiotensin 1 to 2 —> vasoconstriction —> aldosterone and ADH release —> Na+ and H2O retention
3
Q
serum creatinine
A
increases and function decreases
4
Q
eGFR
A
decreases as function decreases
5
Q
BUN
A
increases as function decreases
6
Q
acute tubular necrosis initiation stage
A
- decreased U/O
- increased weight
- edema
- increased BUN and creatinine
7
Q
acute tubular necrosis oliguric stage
A
- decreased U/O <400ml in 24hr (dilute urine)
- increased BUN and creatinine
- increased K+
- decreased serum Na+ increased urine Na+
- decreased pH
- metabolic acidosis
- urine specific gravity @ 1.010 (decreased)
8
Q
acute tubular necrosis diuretic stage
A
- increased U/O
- decreased fluid volume
- decreased K+ but may stay increased
- decreased serum and urine Na+
- decreased urine specific gravity
- BUN, creatinine, and GFR normal
9
Q
treatment for increased K+
A
- regular insulin IV for K+ absorption into cells
- dextrose or K+ binder (Kexalate)
10
Q
AKI oliguric stage tx
A
- fluids only to replace losses +400-500ml/24hr
- strict I/O
- labs and ECG
- daily weights
- S+S of infection (leading cause of death)
11
Q
AKI diuretic stage tx
A
- treat hypovolemia
12
Q
AKI pharm tx
A
- increase volume
- loop diuretics
- antibiotics
- d/c nephrotoxic drugs
