renal fuction 4a Flashcards
what are the six sections the regulation of kidney can be divided into?
kidney function divided into six sections: regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure, regulation of osmolarity, maintenance of ion balance, homeostatic regulation of pH, excretion of waste and production of hormones
What is regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure?
:extracellular fluid decreases, blood pressure decreases, if ECF and BP fall to low body can’t maintain blood flow to the brain and other organs, works w/ cardiovascular system to ensure that blood pressure and tissue perfusions remain in a suitable range
what is regulation of osmolarity?
regulation of osmolarity: integrates kidney function with behavioral drives, such as thirst to maintain blood osmoalrity @ 290 mOsM
what is maintenance of ion balance?
Maintenance of ion balances: keep conc. of key ions within a normal range by balancing dietary intake with urinary loss. Na+ major ion involved in regulation of ECF and osmolarity K+ and Ca are also closely regulated
what is homeostatic regulation of pH?
Homeostatic regulation of pH: pH of plasma kept within a narrow range. If ECF to acidic, kidney remove H+ and conserves bicarbonate HCO3- , if the ECF is to alkaline it would remove HCO3- 0and conserves H+ , do not correct pH imbalances as rapid as the lungs do.
what is excretion of waste?
Excretion of waste: remove metabolic waste(creatinine and muscle metabolism), foreign substances, drugs, environmental toxins, nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid), urobilinogen gives urine the yellow color
what is the production of hormones?
production of hormones: kidney play a role in three endocrine pathways, kidney cells synthesize erythropoietin- regulates red blood cell synthesis , also releases renin enzyme that regulates production of hormones involved in sodium balance and blood pressure homeostasis, renal enzymes help convert vitamin D3 into a hormone that regulates Ca2+ balance
what is the most important function of the kidney?
most important function of kidney is the homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood
waste removal important but irregularities in water and ion levels cause serious medical conditions
what does the urinary system consist of (organs)?
urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
what is the route of water takes on its way from plasma to excretion in the urine (urine production)
- water and solutes move from plasma into the hollow tubules (nephrons) makes up the bulk of the paired kidney’s - modifies the composition of the fluid
- modified fluid leave the kidney and passed onto a hallow tube called the ureter, 2 ureters, 1 leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
- the bladder expands and fills w/ urine until, by reflex action, it contacts and expels urine through a single tube, the urethra
what is micturition or urination?
process where urine is excreted
where does the kidney’s lie ?
kidney site of urine formation lies on the either side of the spine at the level of 11th and 12th rib
What is the purpose of the concave side of the kidney?
-concave surface of each kidney face the spine
- renal blood vessels, nerve, lymphatics, and ureters all emerge from the concave side
-renal arteries which branch of the abdominal artery supply blood to the kidney
Renal veins carry blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava to the heart
what is a nephron ?
nephron functional unit- smallest structure that can perform all the functions of the organ
what does the cross-section of kidney look like?
what are the layers of the kidney?
the outer layer known as the cortex, inner layer known as medulla
the layer consists of organized microscopic hollow tubules known as a nephron
what are the two types of nephrons?
- cortical nephron, found in the cortex of kidney, 80% of all nephron found in the kidney
- juxtamedullary nephron, found in the medulla, 20% of all nephron found in the kidney
what is the conventional circulation?
artery –> capillary–> vein —>heart
what is the venous circulation ?
artery –> capillary–> vein —>capillary —> vein —>heart
renal circulation in the cortical nephron
abdominal aorta –> renal artery –> branches of smaller arteries –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus (capillaries)
- -> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> venules
- -> veins –> renal vein –> vena cava
renal circulation of the juxtamedullary nephron
abdominal aorta –> renal artery –> branches of smaller arteries –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus (capillaries)
- -> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries/Vasa Recta
- -> venules –> veins –> renal vein –> vena cava
what is the difference between juxtamedullary nephron and the cortical nephron?
juxtamedullary nephron has a long peritubular capillary that dips down and touches the medulla, called the vasa recta