Renal- FC

Question 1

What substance is used to measure ECF volume?

Answer 1

inulin

Question 2

What substance is used to measure plasma volume?

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

what amino acid is responsible for formation of triple helix of collagen?

Answer 3

lysine

Question 4

What amino acid is responsible for maintaining final structure of insulin?

Answer 4

cystine

cystine is the amino acid that has sulfur group

Question 5

ADPKD: which gene mutation is more common? which chromosome?

Answer 5

PKD1

Chromosome 16

Question 6

What diuretics can be used as prophylactic for cystine kidney stone?

Answer 6

acetazolamide

acidic condition precipitate cystine stone. Thus drug that causes urine alkalization is a choice.

• I picked the aldosterone inhibitor for the answer. Although it is true that it can also inhibit proton secretion, but to alkalize urine, toxic amount of aldosterone inhibitor will be needed. CA inhibitor is much more efficient for alkalizing urine

Question 7

left kidney vs. right kidney: which kidney is usually taken out for transplant? why?

Answer 7

left.
left renal vein is longer than right renal vein

• it is also left where gonadal vein drains into.
• all special things happen at left side!

Question 8

What is underlying pathology of anemia in CKD?

Answer 8

decreased EPO

Question 9

What is complication of dialysis for end stage renal disease?

Answer 9

development of renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma

Question 10

Where is internal urethral orifice located within bladder? What extra-bladder structure will be right posterior to it?

Answer 10

the inferior point of the trigone. It is at the most inferior point of the bladder.

Posterior to the internal urethral orifice is the posterior wall of the bladder, which runs along the wall of the vagina. ( not uterus, as it is bit higher up)