renal essay - urinary tract infection Flashcards
What are the most common sources of bacteria in a UTI?
skin, genital tract, anus
What is the most common bacterial cause of a UTI?
E. coli
What type of UTI do sexually transmitted infections usually cause?
urethritis
What are the most common bacterial causes of cystitis?
E. coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus
Why is cystitis more common in women than men?
They have a shorter urethra, meaning it is easier for bacteria to enter the bladder
Why does the incidence of UTIs in men increase after the age of 50?
Enlargement of the prostate impedes urine flow, increasing the risk of infection
What are the symptoms of cystitis?
Increased urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, suprapubic pain
What are the findings in urine in cystisis?
Leukocytes, bacteria, nitrites, haematuria
What are the first line antibiotics for treatment of uncomplicated cystitis?
cefalexin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim
What is the most common bacterial cause of pyelonephritis?
E. coli, progression from cystitis
What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis?
increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, flank pain, malaise, nausea/vomiting
What are the first line oral antibiotics for treatment of pyelonephritis?
Cefalexin, amoxicillin (gentamicin if treatment resistant or septic with gram negative, e.g. e coli)
Which IV antibiotics can be used in treatment of severe pyelonephritis?
Ceftriazone, gentamycin
What are the principles of management in pyelonephritis?
oral and/or IV antibiotics, NSAIDS/paracetemol/opiates for pain, antiemetics, fluids
