Renal Enlargement

Question 1

Causes of unilateral renal enlargement

Answer 1

PKD
RCC
Simple cysts
Hydronephrosis (ureteric obstruction)

Question 2

Causes of bilateral enlargement

Answer 2

PKD
Bilat hydronephrosis
Tuberous sclerosis
Amyloidosis
Bilat RCC 5%

Question 3

Investigating renal enlargement

Answer 3

U+Es
Urine dip, MC+S
Abdominal US
IVU
CT
Genetic studies- AD PKD

Question 4

Autosomal dominant PKD

Answer 4

Progressive replacement of normal renal tissue with cysts
-> enlargement -> failure by 40-60 yrs
1:1000: 85% type 1 Chr16, 15% type 2 Chr4
Htn, recurrent UTIs, abdo pain, haematuria
Hepatic cysts, hepatomegaly, berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse
Nephrectomy, dialysis, transplant