Renal Embryology / Anatomy / Clinical Correlates

Question 1

Kidneys fuse at inferior area to form u-shape (Usually found at L3 level), what condition is this?

Answer 1

Horseshoe Kidney

Question 2

Collection of pus around infected kidney refers to which condition?

Answer 2

Perinephric Abscess

Question 3

Kidney far more inferior with a very short ureter so it did not migrate during embryological development. Jam packed in pelvic region causing it to be partially blocked. What condition is this?

Answer 3

Ectopic Kidney

Question 4

A 71-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with severe pain radiating from
her lower back toward her pubic symphysis. Ultrasound examination reveals that
a renal calculus (kidney stone) is partially obstructing her left ureter. At which of
the following locations is the calculus most likely to lodge?
A. Major calyx
B. Minor calyx
C. Pelvic brim
D. As the ureter passes posterior to the ovarian artery
E. Between the pelvic inlet and the uterine cervix

Answer 4

Pelvic Brim

Question 5

The lymphatic vessels of the suprarenal (adrenal) gland and kidney are likely to drain to
which lymph nodes first?

Answer 5

Lumbar (Para-Aortic) Lymph Nodes

Question 6

Name the 5 common sites of Renal calculi constriction…

Answer 6

Renal Pelvis
Uretororenal junction 
Ureter
Ureterovesicle junction
Bladder

Question 7

Superior Suprarenal artery is supplied by which artery?

Answer 7

Inferior Phrenic Artery

Question 8

Middle Suprarenal artery is supplied by which artery?

Answer 8

Abdominal Aortic Artery

Question 9

Inferior Suprarenal Artery is supplied by which artery

Answer 9

Renal Artery

Question 10

Name the vessels in order from Renal Artery to Vasa Recta…

Answer 10

Renal Artery 
Segmental Artery 
Interlobar Artery 
Arcuate Artery 
Interlobular Artery
Afferent Artery 
Glomurular Artery 
Efferent Artery 
Peritubular Capillaries 
Vasa Recta

Question 11

Name the vessels in order from Vasa Recta to Renal Vein…

Answer 11

Vasa Recta Veins 
Interlobular Vein
Arcuate Vein
Interlobar Vein
Segmental Vein
Renal Vein

Question 12

Vascular compression disorder that refers to the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta.

Answer 12

Nutcracker Syndrome
( leads to varicocele of pampiniform plexus)

Question 13

What is Oligohydramnios?

Answer 13

Low levels of amniotic fluid

Question 14

Oligohydramnios and Hypoplastic Lungs are symptoms of what condition?

Answer 14

Potter’s Sequence (Lack of Kidneys) Or Bilateral Renal Agenesis

Question 15

Brief reminder of Ureteric duct in my own words (wont make sense to others)

Answer 15

So Ureteric bud comes off from Mesonephric and attaches to metanephric which forms kidneys. Kidneys pull uretic duct up while mesonephric pulls down within bladder thus attaching other side of ureteric duct to bladder.

Question 16

Failure of a ureteric bud forming leads to what renal condition?

Answer 16

Renal Agenesis

Question 17

Ureteric bud stems off which duct?

Answer 17

Mesonephric duct

Question 18

When does Pronephros proliferate and degenerate during embryonic development?

Answer 18

Proliferates during week 4
Degenerates week 5
(Initiates proliferation of mesonephros then metanephros)

Question 19

Urogenital system is derived from intermediate mesoderm except..

Answer 19

Bladder (Derived from Endoderm)

Question 20

Medullary portion of adrenal gland is derived from…

Answer 20

Neural Crest cells

Question 21

Mesonephros gives rise to which urinary structure?

Answer 21

Trigone Area

Question 22

Upper part of urogenital sinus forms what urinary structure?

Answer 22

Urinary Bladder

Question 23

Pelvic part of urogenital sinus forms what urinary structure?

Answer 23

Membranous portion of urethra (male and female) as well as Prostatic part of males

Question 24

Phallic part of urogenital sinus forms what urinary structure?

Answer 24

Penile urethra (males) and vestibule of vagina (females)