Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology 4 > Renal: electrolytes and acid/base > Flashcards

Renal: electrolytes and acid/base Flashcards

1
Q

percent body fluid in

  • males
  • females
  • infants
  • nweborns
A

males= 60
females=50
kids=60-65
newborn=75-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which part of the cell has largest amt of TBW

A

ICF—2/3 of TBW

aka most of the water in our body is INSIDE the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECF contains (2)

A

interstitial fluid and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

water travels from a ____ to ____ solute [ ]

A

LOW TO HIGH

*establishes equillibrium this way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define osmotic pressure

A

is what drives osmosis—force that pulls water from areas of low [ ] to high [ ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define:
- osmole
- osmolality
- osmolarity

A

osmole= unit of osmotic [ ]

osmolality= osmoles of solute/kg of solvent (osm/kg) AKA number of grams of sugar dissolved in kg of coffee

osmolarity=osmoles of solute/liter of solution (osm/L) aka number of grams of sugar dissovled in a liter of coffee

***osmolality is measured with osmometer— then use osmolality to calculate osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by the fluid aka water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oncotic pressure

A

sodium PULLS on water—-exerts pressure on water—oncotic pressure

*oncotic pressure pushes things towards it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the forces favoring filtration

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)

interstitial oncotic pressure. (water pulling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

focres opposing filtration or forces favoring reabosortion

A

plasma oncotic pressure

interstitial hydrostaitc pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ is required for water to move b/w ICF and ECF

A

osmotic gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

location of high pressure baroreceptors

  • role?
  • overfilling leads to?
  • underfiling leads to?
A

-bifurcation carotid artery
wall of internal cartoid artery
aortic arch

**respond quickly to changes in arterial cirucaltin and maintain pressure

overfilling leads to natriuresis–>NA+ excretion
underfilling leads to symp activation—NA+ retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

low pressure baroreceptors

  • location
  • responses ?
A
  1. right atrium
    * renal response: to low ECF volume
    • cardiac wall stretch from increased venous return signals CNS to decrease renal sympathetic nerve
    • humoral: inhibition of ADH and ACTH and release of ANP—-diuresis
  2. Cardiopulmonary
    * receptors in L ventricle and pulm vasculature
    * incr in CVP leads to natriuresis and diminshed symp tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

general causes for edema (5)

A
  • incr capillary hydrostatic pressure (venous obstruction)
  • decr plasma oncotic pressure (losses or dim prod of albumin)
  • incr cap permeability
  • lymph obstruction (lymphedema)
  • na retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cations and anions ICF

A

CATIONS: K+
ANIONS: phosphate, organic ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ECF cations and anions

A

CATIONS: NA+
ANIONS: CL**, bicarb

17
Q

role of aldosterone

A

increased reabsoprtion of NA at the distal tubule

18
Q

natriuretic peptides rle

A

decrease tubular resoprtion and promotes urinary excretion of NA

19
Q

RAAS–what activates and deactivates renin

A
  1. decrease in perfusion pressure causes the JGA to release RENIN
  2. Incrs in NACL causes JGA to inhibit RENIN
20
Q

what regulates thirst

A

osmolality or osmoreceptors
—they are stim by hyperosmolality, plasma volume depletion—>increase H20 intake

Baroreceptors
–stim by depleted plasma volume—release ADH

21
Q

when is ADH released

A

when plasma osmolality is increased OR decrease in circulating blood volume
***increased reabsortiption of water

**also called arginine vasopressin

22
Q

things that regualte K+ balance

A
  • kidneys
  • aldosterone (excretes k+)
  • insulin secretion (drive K+ into cell)
  • changes in pH

**insulin, epinephrine and alkalosis drive K+ into cell

23
Q

where is most CA located

-role of CA

A

bones
*as hydroxyapatite

  • structure of bone/teeth
  • blood clotting
  • hormone secretion
  • cell receptor function
  • muscle contractions
24
Q

Phosphate

  • mostly located?
  • roles
A

85% in bones

  • necessary for high-energy bonds in creatinie phosphate and ATP
  • anion buffer
  • muscle contraction
25
Q

what happens to CA levels if phosphate decrease? increase?

A

[ ] phos decrease—CA INCRS
[ ] phos increase—CA DECRS

*whenver ones goes up, the other will go down

26
Q

which hormones regulate CA and PHOS

A
  • PTH—>incrs plasma CA levles via kidney reabsorption
  • VIT D—> increases Ca absoprtion from GI tract
  • Calcitonin—>decrs plasma ca levels
27
Q

high H+

A

acidic

28
Q

low H+

A

alkaline

29
Q

acids are formed as end prodcuts of?

A

proteins
CHO
fat
meabolism

30
Q

ph below____ and above____= death

A

below 6.8

above 7.8

31
Q

acid base equation

A

CO2+ H20 H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

LUNGS

32
Q

acid base equation

A

CO2+ H20—>H2CO3—-> HCO3- + H+

LUNGS. KIDNEYS

33
Q

bicarb decreases— what hapens to PH

A

decreases too– becomes acidic

34
Q

proteins have ___ charge

A

negative charge

  • act as buffers and take up H+ excess
  • mainly IC buffer with HGB
35
Q

normal blood ph

A

7.35-7.45

36
Q

metabolic acidosis basic cause

A

depression of HCO3- or increase in noncarbonic acids

  • lactic acidosis
  • renal failure
  • DKA
  • diarrhea
  • starvation

COMPENSATION= hyperventillation and renal excretion of excess acid

CM

  • HA
  • letargy
  • kussmaul resps

TX

  • ph significantly low— bicarb
  • lactate-containing solutions: lactate converted into bicarb in liver
  • tx underlying cause
37
Q

metabolic alkalosis basic cause

A

elevation of HCO3- usualyl from an excessive loss of metabolic acids

  • prolongd vomitting
  • GI suctioning
  • excessive bicarb intake
  • hyperaldosteronism with hypokalemia
  • diuretic tx

COMPENSATION

  • hypoventilation
  • kidneys conserve H+ and eliminate bicarb

CM

  • weakness
  • muscle cramps
  • hyperactive reflexes with signs of hypocalcemia

tx
*cause

38
Q

normal anion gap

A

10-12

***focus on 10 for exam

Pathophysiology 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions