Renal Drugs Flashcards
Aliskiren
Mechanism: Blocks enzymatic activity of renin
Amiloride
Mechanism: competitive inhibitor of ENaC, decreases driving force for K+ secretion, Potassium sparing
Metformin
Type: Biguanide
Mechanism: Inhibits Liver gluconeogenesis, enhances insulin receptor signaling
Eplerenone and Spironolactone
Mechanism: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (Aldosterone antagonist, K+ sparing)
Sulfonyureas
Mechanism: Targets pancreatic Beta cells - insulin secretagogue
Pioglitazone
Type: Thiazolidenediones
Mechanism: Insulin sensitizing agent - enhance action of insulin in target cells
Tolvaptan
Mechanism: V2 receptor antagonist
Clomiphene
Mechanism: selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), antagonizes hypothalamic-pituitary ERα
Luprolide
Mechanism: GnRH agonist
Dexamethasone and Prednisone
Mechanism: Glucocorticoid analogues
Fludrocortisone
Mechanism: mineralocorticoid agonist
Bromocryptine and cabergoline
Mechanism: Dopamine Receptor Agonists, blocks PRL secretion, Bromocryptine also antagonizes GH secretion
Octreotide
Mechanism: somatostatin analogue, impairs GH secretion
Enalapril, Lisinopril, Captopril (etc.)
Type: ACE Inhibitors
Mechanism: impede the production of Angiotensin II, which is a vasoconstrictor and stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.
Effect: Vasodilate
Furosemide
Type: Loop Diuretic
Mechanism: Impairs Na+, K+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys. Holds H2O in forming urine. Calcium and Potassium Wasting.
HCTZ - Hydrochlorothiazide
Type: Thiazide Diuretic
Mechanism: Impairs Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys in the TAL. Blocks NCC (Calcium sparing and Potassium wasting)
Effect: lower BP
Amplodipine
Type L Ca2+ channel antagonist
Mechanism: blocks type L Ca2+ channels in VSM that mediate smooth muscle contraction
Effect: causes VSM to relax
Losartan, Irbesartan
Type: ARBs (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers)
Mechanism: Same rationale for ACE inhibitors, selectively block type AT1 AII receptor
Metoprolol, Atenolol
Type: ß blockers (“A-M” cardiac specific, “N-Z” general)
Mechanism: Impede ß1-mediated SNS effects
Effect: Lower HR
Verapamil
Type: Cardiac Calcium Channel Blocker
Mechanism: Block cardiac type L Ca2+ channel, delay AV nodal conduction, negative Inotropy, little effect on non-cardiac type L channels
