Renal Drugs Flashcards
- act on DCT and collecting ducts to promote water reabsorption
- prevents water loss from the body, regulated fluid balance
- fail safe mechanism
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- increases reabsorption of Na in DCT and collecting ducts back into the blood
- this causes an osmotic imbalance which causes water to flow back into the blood along with the sodium
Aldosterone
2 drugs contraindicated in patients with uremia.
Xylazine and Ketamine
Used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow (diuresis) and Na excretion and reducing hypertension
Diuretic Drugs
- inhibits tubular reabsorption of Na at loop of Henle
- most rapid with tremendous diuresis
- side effects: hypokalemia
Loop Diuretics
- duration of action is longer than loop diuretics
- these drugs cross the placental border
Thiazide Diuretics
- weaker diuretic and antihypertensive effects, but they do conserve potassium
- aka aldosterone antagonist
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- reduce intraocular pressure
- side effect: metabolic acidosis - tachypnea, twitching, mouth ulcers, weight loss, muscle loss
- block action of carbonic anhydrase which is used by the body to maintian acid-base balance
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
What is the term for the definition given below?
Lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine
Urinary incontinence
- treats retention, helps to void the bladder
- used in pets with damage to the nerves that control relaxation of the bladder
- increases tone of detrusor muscle and decreases bladder capacity
- do NOT use if integrity of the bladder is not known
Cholinergic Agents
used to treat urge incontinence by promoting the retention of urine
- their action produces muscle relaxation
- side effects: ssssllloooowwwww
Anticholinergic Agents
- reduce internal sphincter tone when the urethral sphincter is in hypertonus
- treats urinary retention bc of detrusor areflexia or functional urethral obstruction
- side effects: syncope
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists
-controls mild to moderate hypertension associated with CRF
Beta Adrenergic Antagonist
Non-Neurologic Urinary Disorders
includes: hormone responsive, stress, urge, ecotopic ureters, over distention
Estrogen treats . . . ?
hormone responsive urinary incontinence mainly seen in spayed female dogs
Regulates bp and water balance
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System
Angiotensin II _______ bld vess which incr bp and secretes ________.
Constricts / Aldosterone
Aldosterone causes ______ and ______ reabsorption into blood which increases fluid in the body and increases blood pressure.
Na / Water
- block angiotensin I to II
- decreases aldosterone
- decreases peripheral arterial resistance
- alleviates vasoconstriction
- ALL which drop bp
Ace Inhibitors
True or False: Each type of urolith may be treated differently and and may include dietary management as well as drug treatment.
True
-used to produce acid urine
Urinary Acidifiers
- used in the mgmt of ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine urolithiasis
- difficult to dissolve calcium oxalate crystals without altering calcium metabolism in body
Urinary Alkalizers
- decrease the production of uric acid
- found mostly in dalmatians and patients with gout
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
- found covering the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract
- they keep microorganisms and crystals from adhering to the bladder wall
- FLUTD
- cranberry juice
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
