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a-u-b-f readings eeheh > Renal Diseases > Flashcards

Renal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Nonimmunologic causes of glomerular damage include exposure to chemicals and toxins that also affect the tubules, disruption of the electrical membrane charges

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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2
Q

result from immunologic disorders throughout the body, including the kidney

A

Glomerular disorders

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3
Q

refers to a sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of blood

A

Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Glomerulonephritis: (9)

A
  1. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
  2. Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
  3. Goodpasture Syndrome
  4. Wegener Granulomatosis
  5. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
  6. Membranous Glomerulonephritis
  7. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
  8. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
  9. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
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5
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome: (2)

A
  1. Minimal Change Disease
  2. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
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6
Q

Deposition of immune complexes, formed in conjunction with group A Streptococcus infection, on the glomerular membrane.

A

Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders on the glomerular membrane.

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Attachment of a cytotoxic antibody formed during viral respiratory infections to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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9
Q

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody binds to neutrophils in vascular walls producing damage to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener granulomatosis

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10
Q

Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; a decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schönlein
purpura

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11
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorders

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

Cellular proliferation affecting the capillary walls or the glomerular basement membrane, possibly immune-mediated

A

Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum IgA

A

IgA nephropathy

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15
Q

Disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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16
Q

Disruption of the podocytes occurring primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

Minimal change disease

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17
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of
glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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18
Q

Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport syndrome

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19
Q

Damage to renal tubular cells caused by ischemia or toxic agents

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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20
Q

Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease or acquired through exposure to toxic agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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21
Q

Inherited defect in the production of normal uromodulin by the renal tubules and increased uric acid causing gout

A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease

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22
Q

Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from medications

A

Nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus

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23
Q

Inherited autosomal recessive trait. Benign disorder.

A

Renal glucosuria

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24
Q

Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder

A

Cystitis

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25
Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder, and untreated cystitis
Acute pyelonephritis
26
Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine
Chronic pyelonephritis
27
Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications
Acute interstitial nephritis
28
Primary Urinalysis Result: Acute Glomerulonephritis (4)
Macroscopic hematuria Proteinuria RBC casts Granular casts
29
Primary Urinalysis Result: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Macroscopic hematuria Proteinuria RBC casts
29
Primary Urinalysis Result: Goodpasture Syndrome
Macroscopic hematuria Proteinuria RBC casts
30
Primary Urinalysis Result: Wegener granulomatosis
Macroscopic hematuria Proteinuria RBC cast
31
Primary Urinalysis Result: Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Macroscopic hematuria Proteinuria RBC casts
32
Primary Urinalysis Result: Membranous glomerulonephritis
Microscopic hematuria Proteinuria
33
Primary Urinalysis Result: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Hematuria Proteinuria
33
Primary Urinalysis Result: Chronic glomerulonephritis
Hematuria Proteinuria Glucosuria Cellular and granular casts Waxy and broad casts
34
Primary Urinalysis Result: IgA nephropathy (early stages)
Macroscopic or microscopic hematuria
35
Primary Urinalysis Result: IgA nephropathy (late stages)
Hematuria Proteinuria Glucosuria Cellular and granular casts Waxy and broad casts
36
Primary Urinalysis Result: Nephrotic syndrome
Heavy proteinuria Microscopic hematuria Renal tubular cells Oval fat bodies Fat droplets Fatty and waxy casts
37
Primary Urinalysis Result: Minimal change disease
Heavy proteinuria Transient hematuria Fat droplets
38
Primary Urinalysis Result: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Proteinuria Microscopic hematuria Macroscopic or microscopic hematuria
39
Primary Urinalysis Result: Alport syndrome (early stages) (late stages)
Heavy proteinuria Microscopic hematuria Renal tubular cells Oval fat bodies Fat droplets Fatty and waxy casts Microalbuminuria
40
Primary Urinalysis Result: Diabetic nephropathy (late stages)
Hematuria Proteinuria Glucosuria Cellular and granular casts Waxy and broad casts
41
Primary Urinalysis Result: Acute tubular necrosis
Microscopic hematuria Proteinuria Renal tubular epithelial cells Renal tubular epithelial cell casts Hyaline, granular, waxy, broad casts
42
Primary Urinalysis Result: Fanconi syndrome
Glucosuria Possible cystine crystals
43
Primary Urinalysis Result: Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (early stages)
Renal tubular epithelial cells
44
Primary Urinalysis Result: Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (late stages)
Hematuria Proteinuria Glucosuria Cellular and granular casts Waxy and broad casts
45
Primary Urinalysis Result: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Low specific gravity, polyuria
46
Primary Urinary Result: Renal Glucosuria
Glucosuria
47
Pre-renal causes of acute renal failure
Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output Hemorrhage Burns Surgery Septicemia
48
Renal cause of Acute Renal Failure
Acute glomerulonephritis Acute tubular necrosis Acute pyelonephritis Acute interstitial nephritis
49
Post-renal causes of acute renal failure
Renal calculi Tumors
50
a procedure using high-energy shock waves, can be used to break stones located in the upper urinary tract into pieces that can then be passed in the urine
Lithotripsy
51
may form in the calyces and pelvis of the kidney, ureters, and bladder
Renal calculi or kidney stones
52
Conditions favoring the formation of renal calculi:
pH Chemical Concentration Urinary Stasis
53
This is noted in people known to form renal calculi.
Increased crystalluria
54
Which season of the year is increased crystalluria noted in patient with renal calculi?
Summer
55
This forms 75% of the renal calculi
Calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate
56
Other primary constituents of renal calculi
Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) Uric acid Cystine
57
Calculi that is frequently associated with metabolic calcium and phosphate disorders and occasionally diet
Calcium calculi
58
Calculi that is frequently accompanied by urinary infections involving urea-splitting bacteria
Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi
59
Calculi that may be associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content and with uromodulin-associated kidney disease
Uric acid calculi
60
Calculi that is seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cystine metabolism
Cystine calculi

a-u-b-f readings eeheh (3 decks)

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