Renal Diseases Flashcards
What are the four classification/type of Renal Diseases?
GLOMERULAR
TUBULAR
INTERSTITIAL
VASCULAR
Most often are Immune-Mediated
Glomerular
Result from INFECTIOUS or TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TUBULAR and INTERSTITIAL
Causes a Renal Perfusion that subsequently induces both MORPHOLOGIC and FUNCTIONAL changes in the kidney
VASCULAR
Increased permeability of the Glomeruli to the passage of Plasma Proteins [Albumin]
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
[3.5 g/day]
HEAVY PROTEINURIA
[Plasma Albumin usually <3 g/dL →Liver Synthesis unable to compensate for the large amount of protein excreted in the urine]
HYPOPROTEINEMIA
HYPERLIPIDEMIA [Increased Plasma Levels of:
▪ Triglycerides
▪ Cholesterol
▪ Phospholipids
▪ VLDL
One Cause: Post-Streptococcal Infection → Known as: Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis [Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci – those with M PROTEIN in their cell wall induces this type of Nephritis
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Post-Streptococcal Infection → Known as:
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
BLOOD: Elevated ASO Titer
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Non-AGN: Non-Streptococcal Agent
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Bacteria: Pneumococci
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Viruses: Mumps, Hepa B
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Parasitic Infection: Malaria
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
SCLEROSIS of the Glomeruli
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
FOCAL: Occurring in some Glomeruli
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
SEGMENTAL: Affecting a Specific Area of the Glomerulus
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
PREDOMINANT FEATURE: Proteinuria
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Characteristics:
Cellular Proliferation of the MESANGIUM
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Characteristics:
LEUKOCYTES INFILTRATION
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Characteristics:
Thickening of the Glomerular Membrane
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Characteristics of MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS:
▪ Cellular Proliferation of the MESANGIUM
▪ LEUKOCYTES INFILTRATION
▪ Thickening of the Glomerular Membrane
Most prevalent type of Glomerulonephritis worldwide
IgA NEPHROPATHY
Deposition of IgA in the Glomerular Mesangium
IgA NEPHROPATHY
Development: Slow and Silent
CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
80%: Have previously some form of Glomerulonephritis
CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
20%: Forms of Glomerulonephritis that has been unrecognized
CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Destruction of RENAL TUBULAR Epithelial Cells
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
What are the 2 Distinct type of Acute Tubular Necrosis?
ISCHEMIC and TOXIC
Follows a HYPOTENSIVE event that result in decrease perfusion of the kidneys followed by a renal tissue ischemia
Ischemic ATN
The 3 Principal Causes of ISCHEMIC ATN are?
▪ Sepsis
▪ Shock
▪ Trauma