Renal disease & Renal calculi Flashcards
1
Q
Aka crescentic
A
Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
2
Q
Play a major role in blood circulation
A
Vascular
3
Q
Berger’s Disease, what antibody?
A
IgA Nephropathy
4
Q
Most of the glomerular disorders are immune-mediated. True or False.
A
True
5
Q
Immune mediators may be caused by except:
a. antibody
b. neutrophil
c. complements
d. lymphocytes or cytokines
e. toxins or chemicals
f. all of the above
A
E
6
Q
In immune origin for glomerular disorder, there is an increase in serum IgA. True or false.
A
True
7
Q
Origin of glomerular disorder that is expose to chemical and toxins
A
Nonimmunologic
8
Q
Inflammation of glomerulus
A
Glomerulonephritis
9
Q
What urine sediment is elevated in Glomerulonephritis?
A
Blood and casts
10
Q
What will happen if Glomerulonephritis is left untreated? A. AGN & CGN B. RPG & IgA C. NS & Renal failure D. A & C
A
D
11
Q
Also known as acute poststreptococcal
A
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
12
Q
If left untreated it can cause rheumatic fever or scarlet fever and the primary urinary findings are Hematuria and edema. A. CGN B. AGN C. RPG D. All of the above
A
B
13
Q
The formation of these results to systemic lupus erythematosus, bleeding, fibrinogen will become fibrin and permanent damage to capillary tufts. A. CGN B. AGN C. RPG D. All of the above
A
C
14
Q
Initial laboratory result of this disease is similar to AGN but become more abnormal as disease progresses, including increase protein level & decrease GFR. A. CGN & MG B. AGN C. RPG D. All of the above
A
C
15
Q
Symptoms usually occur in children & young adults following respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus-A that contains protein M in the cell wall. A. CGN & MG B. AGN C. RPG D. Goodpasture Syndrome
A
B
16
Q
Increased fibrin degradation product, cryoglobulin and decrease protein and IgA immune complex. A. CGN & MG B. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura C. RPG D. Goodpasture Syndrome
A
C
17
Q
What urine sediment is elevated in AGN?
A
Rbc casts & granular cast
Proteinuria & Tamm-harsfall protein
18
Q
Autoimmune disorder against glomerular and basement membrane (immune-mediated) that involves both lungs and kidney.
A
Goodpasture syndrome
19
Q
Cytotoxic antibody following viral respiratory disease in Goodpasture syndrome?
A. AB (anti-glomerular basement membrane)
B. Directly associated with influenza virus
C. IgM and IgA
D. A & B
E. A & C
A
D
20
Q
What urine sediment is elevated in Goodpasture Syndrome? A. RBC (ghost cell) B. RBC cast C. WBC (glitter cell) D. WBC cast
A
A & B
21
Q
Initial complaints are hemoptysis and dyspnea, followed by hematuria and proteinuria. Progression leads to CGN to end-stage of renal failure. A. CGN & MG B. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura C. RPG D. Goodpasture Syndrome
A
D
22
Q
Immune-mediated inflammation
A
Vasculitis
23
Q
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody binds to neutrophils in vascular walls producing to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus; pulmonary symptoms. A. Wegener granulomatosis B. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura C. Nephrotic Syndrome D. Goodpasture Syndrome
A
A
24
Q
Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity. Complete recovery may occur. A. Wegener granulomatosis B. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura C. Nephrotic Syndrome D. MGN & MPG
A
B
25
Elevated waste products; Increased BUN & Creatinine
Azotemia
26
Majority of solute that present in the body and major composition in urine; byproduct of protein metabolism.
Urea
27
Byproduct of muscle catabolism
Creatinine
28
1. Blood in stool ____
| 2. Blood in sputum ____
1. Hematochezia
| 2. Hemoptysis
29
```
Thickening of glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorder. Slow progression with possible remission; nephrotic syndrome & thrombosis may develop.
A. CGN
B. RPG
C. MPG
D. MGN
```
D
30
```
Cellular proliferation affecting the capillary walls or the glomerular basement membrane, possibly immune-mediated. Slow progression to CGN or nephrotic syndrome.
A. CGN
B. RPG
C. MPG
D. MGN
```
C
31
What urine sediments elevated in Wegener granulomatosis?
RBC, RBC cast, Azotemia
32
What urine sediments elevated in Henoch-Schonlein?
RBC, RBC cast
33
```
Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders
A. Wegener's granulomatosis
B. IgA nephropathy
C. CGN
D. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
```
C
34
```
Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increase levels of serum IgA; Recurrent macroscopic hematuria with slow progression to CGN.
A. Wegener's granulomatosis
B. IgA nephropathy
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
```
B
35
```
Disruption of the shielded negativity & damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids; acute onset following systemic shock & gradual progression from other glomerular disorders.
A. Wegener's granulomatosis
B. IgA nephropathy
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Minimal change disease
```
C
36
```
Disruption of the podocytes occurring primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations; frequent complete remission following corticosteroid treatment
A. Wegener's granulomatosis
B. IgA nephropathy
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Minimal change disease
```
D
37
```
Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane; slow progression to nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease.
A. Alport syndrome
B. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Minimal change disease
```
A
38
```
Disruption of the podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS
A. Alport syndrome
B. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Minimal change disease
```
B
39
```
Rapid onset with glomerular damage and possible progression to end-stage renal failure.
A. AGN
B. RPG
C. MPG
D. MGN
```
B
40
```
Rapid onset with hematuria and edema, permanent damage seldom occurs
A. AGN
B. RPG
C. MPG
D. MGN
```
A
41
May resemble nephrotic or minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
42
What urine sediments elevated in MGN & MPG?
RBC/Hematuria and Protein/Proteinuria
43
CGN is positive for ______
i. hematuria & proteinuria
ii. glucosuria & cellular wax
iii. waxy/broad cast
iv. oval fat bodies
a. i & ii
b. i & iv
c. i, ii, iii
D. all of the above
C
44
What urine sediments elevated in IgA nephropathy?
RBC cast/hematuria, granular cast
45
Nephrotic Syndrome is positive for ______
i. Oval fat bodies & fat droplets
ii. Fatty and waxy casts
iii. RTE cells
iv. Hematuria & Heavy proteinuria
a. i & ii
b. i & iv
c. i, ii, iii
D. all of the above
D
46
```
Primary disorder related with damage to the renal tubules. This damages the RTE cells due to ischemia or toxic substances.
A. Alport syndrome
B. Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Minimal change disease
```
B for Bea milove <3
47
Minimal change disease is positive for ______
i. RBC casts
ii. Fat droplets
iii. Transient hematuria
iv. Heavy proteinuria
a. i only
b. i & ii
c. i, ii, iii
D. ii, iii, iv
D
48
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is positive for ______
i. RBC casts
ii. Fat droplets
iii. Microscopic hematuria
iv. Proteinuria
a. i only
b. iii & iv
c. i, ii, iii
D. ii, iii, iv
B
49
Alport syndrome is positive for ______
i. Nephrotic syndrome
ii. Microalbuminuria
iii. Microscopic hematuria
iv. Proteinuria
a. i & ii only
b. iii & iv only
c. i, ii, iii
D. all of the above
A
50
Most frequently associated with tubular dysfunction. Consist of failure of tubular reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Fanconi Syndrome
51
Inability to reabsorb the amino acid ____
Renal aminoaciduria
52
Inherited in association with cystinosis and hartnup disease acquired through exposure/iatrogenic.
a. ATN
b. Fanconi syndrome
c. Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
d. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
e. Renal glucosuria
B
53
Inherited autosomal recessive trait; benign disorder
a. ATN
b. Fanconi syndrome
c. Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
d. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
e. Renal glucosuria
E
54
Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from medications; requires therapy to prevent dehydration
a. ATN
b. Fanconi syndrome
c. Acute pyelonephritis
d. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
e. Renal glucosuria
D
55
Infection of the upper urinary tract, result of ascending movement of bacteria from a lower UTI to tubules and interstitium and can occur both acute and chronic.
a. ATN
b. Fanconi syndrome
c. Acute pyelonephritis
d. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
e. Renal glucosuria
C
56
Continual monitoring of renal functions for progression to renal failure and possible kidney transplant.
a. ATN
b. Fanconi syndrome
c. Uromodulin-associated kidney disease
d. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
e. Renal glucosuria
C
57
Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Acute pyelonephritis
d. Acute interstitial nephritis
A
58
Recurrent infection of renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine; frequently in children.
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Acute pyelonephritis
d. Acute interstitial nephritis
B for beatrice luigi gomez <3
59
Allergic inflammation of renal interstitium in response to certain medications; acute onset is skin rash but resolves with corticosteroids.
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Acute pyelonephritis
d. Acute interstitial nephritis
D
60
Number 1 cause of UTI
Cystitis E. coli
61
Decreased GFR is ___ mL/min
>25
62
Renal calculi may form in the calyces (where urine formation starts) and pelvis of the kidney, ureters and bladder
Renal Lithiasis
63
```
Conditions favoring renal calculi are
A. Formation of urine crystals
B. pH acidic &urinary stasis
C. chemical concentration
D. All of the above
```
D
64
75% of the renal calculi are composed of _____
calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate
65
End product of purine metabolism
Uric acid
