Renal disease overview

Question 1

how is ckd staged (KDIGO)?

Answer 1

eGFR and urine albumin

Question 2

what med works in proximal tubule

Answer 2

sglt-2 inhibitors

Question 3

loop diuretic moa

Answer 3

inhibit Na-K pump in ascending LoH

- less Na reabsorbed into blood, thus less water reabsorbed = pee more water

Question 4

long-term adr of loop diuretics

Answer 4

decr BMD - Ca depletion d/t less ca reabsorption into blood

Question 5

thiazide diuretic moa

Answer 5

inhibit Na-Cl pump in DCT

Question 6

long term effect of thiazides on bone

Answer 6

protective effect d/t increased Ca reabsorption

Question 7

collecting duct anatomy

Answer 7

connect nephrons in each kidney to a ureter

kidney –ureter–> bladder –> urethra

Question 8

K-sparing diuretics/aldosterone antagonist site of action

Answer 8

DCT and collecting duct

- decrease Na/H2O reabsorption and increase K retention

Question 9

common nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 9

loops nsaids vanc AMGs amphoB contrast dye, CNIs (tac/csa), cisplatin

Question 10

waste product of protein metabolism

Answer 10

urea (BUN)

Question 11

waste product of muscle metabolism

Answer 11

creatinine

Question 12

reasons for overestimation of crcl

Answer 12

low muscle mass (frail elderly pts)

Question 13

when is cockrauft gault not preferable

Answer 13

very young children, kidney failure, unstable renal fxn

Question 14

what drugs use eGFR for dosage adjustments

Answer 14

metformin, sglt2-i

Question 15

what GFR and albuminuria level indicate CKD

Answer 15

GFR <60, albuminuria (ACR) >30 mg/day