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Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Glomerular disease involves immune complex formation and
deposition

A

Immunologic

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2
Q

Glomerular disease involves exposure to chemicals, toxins and amyloid materials

A

Non-immunologic

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3
Q

Deposition of immune complexes formed in response to Group A
Streptococcal infection

A

Acute Post-Streptococcal
Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Acute Post-Streptococcal
Glomerulonephritis

Signs and symptoms:
Urinalysis:

A

 Signs and symptoms: edema, fever, fatigue, hypertension
 Urinalysis: gross hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts, dysmorphic
RBCs, hyaline and granular casts, WBC

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5
Q

Acute Post-Streptococcal
Glomerulonephritis lab findings

A

increase BUN and ASO titer

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6
Q

More serious form of acute glomerular disease that involves
deposition of immune complexes
from systemic immune disorders

A

Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Damaged glomeruli allow release of cells and ______ into the Bowman’s capsule leading to crescentic
formation and pressure changes

A

Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

fibrin

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8
Q

Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

Urinalysis:

A

Urinalysis: gross hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline and granular casts, WBC

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9
Q

Example of systemic disorder of Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

A

SLE

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10
Q

(+) __________________________________ which is cytotoxic to collagen leading to complement activation and capillary destruction

A

Goodpasteur Syndrome

Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Ab

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11
Q

Goodpasteur Syndrome
May lead to ________________________
and ____________________________
May follow ____________________

A

May lead to chronic glomerulonephritis
and end-stage renal disease
May follow viral respiratory infection

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12
Q

Goodpasteur Syndrome

Signs and symptoms:
Urinalysis:

A

 Signs and symptoms: hemoptysis and dyspnea
 Urinalysis: hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts

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13
Q

(+) __________________________________ that targets neutrophils in the vascular walls initiating immune response and granuloma formation in the lungs and kidneys

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)

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14
Q

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

Urinalysis:

A

 Urinalysis: hematuria, proteinuria, RBC cast

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15
Q

Wegener’s Granulomatosis lab findings:

A

increase serum BUN and creatinine; Ab testing

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16
Q

Allergic _______ that causes decrease in the number of platelets
and affects vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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17
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Signs and symptoms:
Urinalysis:

A

 Signs and symptoms: red skin patches, blood in sputum and stool
 Urinalysis: proteinuria, hematuria, RBC casts

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18
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Test:

A

Test for occult blood

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19
Q

Involves IgG deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to
pronounced thickening

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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20
Q

Membranous Glomerulonephritis can be seen in:

A

Seen in SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, secondary syphilis and hepatitis
B infection

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21
Q

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Urinalysis:

A

 Urinalysis: hematuria and proteinuria

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22
Q

Membranous Glomerulonephritis Test:

A

ANA, HBsAg, FTA-ABS

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23
Q

Membranous Glomerulonephritis Treatments:

A

Gold and Mercury Treatments

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24
Q

Cellular proliferation affecting capillary walls or the glomerular
basement membrane

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Urinalysis:

A

 Urinalysis: hematuria, proteinuria

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26
Q

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis lab findings:

A

decreased serum complement

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27
Q

Gradual worsening of symptoms leading to loss of kidney function

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

28
Q

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Signs and symptoms:
Urinalysis:

A

 Signs and symptoms: fatigue, anemia, hypertension, edema and
oliguria
 Urinalysis: hematuria, proteinuria, glucosuria, isosthenuria and
many casts

29
Q

Chronic Glomerulonephritis lab findings:

A

increased BUN and creatinine, electrolyte imbalance

30
Q

IgA deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to thickening. ________ IgA in mucosal infection

A

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s Disease

Increase

31
Q

Acute onset may occur as a result of circulatory disruption causing systemic shock and decrease in blood pressure

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

32
Q

Involves membrane damage and changes in the electrical charges
of the basement membrane leading to the passage of high molecular weight proteins and lipids into the urine.

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

33
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome cause ____ of _________ causes ________ in capillary _______ pressure and edema

A

Nephrotic Syndrome cause loss of albumin causes decrease in capillary oncotic pressure and
edema

34
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

Urinalysis:

A

 Urinalysis: massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), lipiduria (fat droplets,
oval fat bodies, fatty and waxy casts), hematuria

35
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome lab findings:

A

decreased serum albumin, increased serum lipids

36
Q

Inherited disease that affects the glomerular basement membrane (lamellated appearance with areas of thinning)

A

Alport Syndrome

37
Q

Alport Syndrome

Urinalysis:

A

 Urinalysis: hematuria

38
Q

Disruption of podocytes occurring primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

Minimal Change Disease

39
Q

Disruption of the podocytes in certain areas of the glomerulus

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

40
Q

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis are associated with:

A

Associated with heroin and analgesic abuse, and AIDS

41
Q

Most common cause of end-stage renal disease

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

42
Q

Glomerular damage may be due capillary thickening, increase
proliferation of the mesangial cells, increase deposition of cellular
and non-cellular materials. Presence of microalbuminuria.

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

43
Q

Damage to the renal tubular epithelial cells due to ischemia and nephrotoxic agents

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

44
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis examples that cause Ischemia:

A

Shock and trauma

45
Q

Examples of nephrotoxic agents that causes Acute Tubular Necrosis:

A

Antibiotics and antifungal, amphoterecin, cyclosporin, heavy metals

46
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Urinalysis:

A

Urinalysis: hematuria, RTE cells, RTE casts, other casts

47
Q

Failure of tubular reabsorption in the PCT (glucose, amino acids, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water)

A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

48
Q

Fanconi’s Syndrome

Urinalysis:

A

Urinalysis: glycosuria, possible mild proteinuria

49
Q

Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from
medications

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

50
Q

Fanconi’s Syndrome is associated to __________ and ___________________. Acquired through exposure to _____________.

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is associated to cystinosis and hartnup disease. Acquired through exposure to toxic agents.

51
Q

Disorders affecting the interstitium also affects the tubules due to their close proximity

A

TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES

52
Q

Most common renal disease that involves the lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) or the upper urinary tract (renal pelvis, tubules and interstitium)

A

Urinary Tract Infection

53
Q

Urinary Tract Infection signs include:

A

Signs include frequent and burning urination

54
Q

Renal Calculi/Lithiasis removal:

A

 Removal: surgery or high-energy shock waves

55
Q

Performed to determine the causative agent in urinary tract infection

A

Bacterial Culture

56
Q

Most frequently encountered infection that may ascend to the upper urinary tract

57
Q

Cystitis

Urinalysis:

A

Urinalysis: WBC, bacteria, mild proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and increased pH

58
Q

Affects the renal tubules and interstitium. Congenital urinary defect resulting to reflux nephropathy

A

Pyelonephritis

59
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

60
Q

Formation of stones in the renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters
and bladder. May be passed in the urine and obstruct the urinary tract

A

Renal Calculi/Lithiasis

61
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents:

A

Calcium oxalate/ phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Uric acid
Cystine

62
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents
 ___________________: may be due to metabolic disorders or diet

A

Primary Calculi Constituents
 Calcium oxalate/phosphate (~75%): may be due to metabolic disorders or diet

63
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents
 ______________________________: frequently accompanied by UTI involving urea-splitting bacteria

A

Primary Calculi Constituents
 Magnesium ammonium phosphate: frequently accompanied by UTI involving urea-splitting bacteria

64
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents
 _________: associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content

A

Primary Calculi Constituents
 Uric acid: associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content

65
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents
 ______: seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cysteine metabolism

A

Primary Calculi Constituents
 Cystine: seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cysteine metabolism

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