Renal Cysts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways renal cysts can be classified

A

Simple

Complex

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2
Q

What are simple cysts

A

have a well-defined outline and homogeneous features.

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3
Q

What are complex cysts

A

Complex cysts have more complicated structures, including thick walls, septations, calcification, or heterogeneous enhancement on imaging.

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4
Q

In with age group are simple cysts prevalent in

A

50% of over 50years

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5
Q

It is thought that simple cysts develop from what

A

renal tubule epithelium

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6
Q

What is the classification system used to classify renal cysts

A

Bosniak classification

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7
Q

What is the caution you have too think about with complex cysts

A

There is a risk of malignancy

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for the development of renal cysts

A

increasing age
smoking
hypertension
male gender

Genetic conditions that can cause renal cysts include polycystic kidney disease, tuberous sclerosis, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease.

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9
Q

Which other conditions is ADPKD associated with

A

Berry aneurysm formation (leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage), mitral valve disease, and liver cysts

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10
Q

What are the clinical features of renal cysts

A

Asymptomatic if simple cysts and picked up incidentally

Pts that are symptomatic experience flank pain, haematuria

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11
Q

What is the differential diagnosis

A

Cystic RCC

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12
Q

What is used to make a definitive diagnosis for renal cysts

A

CT/MRI scans

Needs to be taken pre and post IV constrast

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13
Q

Which bloods tests need to be carried out to investigate renal cysts

A

Serum U&Es to monitor renal function

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14
Q

Which imaging modality is best suited for Bosniak class IIF to IV

A

MRI

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15
Q

When does a cyst become complex according to the Bosniak staging

A

Stage II and above

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16
Q

What is the management for Bosniak I and II

A

No follow up required

17
Q

What is the management for Bosniak IIF

A

CT scan at 3,6,12 months

18
Q

What is the management for Bosniak III

A

Surveillance/ surgery

19
Q

what is the management for Bosniak IV

A

Surgical

20
Q

What imaging modality is used to classify cysts into Bosniak classification

A

contrast-enhanced computed tomography

21
Q

What is the management of aysmptomatic simple cysts

A

No further treatment/follow up required

22
Q

What is the management of symptomatic simple renal cysts

A

Analgesia

Needle aspiration

Cyst de-roofing

23
Q

what is the management of complex renal cysts

A

continued surveillance or surgical intervention, including consideration for nephrectomy.