Renal cancer

Question 1

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney is a tumor composed of an admixture of ?

Answer 1

smooth muscle, blood vessels and fatty tissue

Question 2

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney frequently seen associated with

Answer 2

tuberous sclerosis, cardiac rhabdomyoma, skin hypopigmentation

Question 3

The common benign renal neoplasms are ?

Answer 3

hemangioma, angiomyolipoma

Question 4

(1) is the biggest risk factor for renal cancer

Answer 4

1. Tobacco smoking

Question 5

Risk factors for renal cancer besides tobacco smoking

Answer 5

exposure to heavy metals, a history of long-term dialysis(acquired cystic disease).

Question 6

(1) accounts for 80% of renal cancers.

Answer 6

1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Both familial and sporadic types of clear cell renal cell carcinoma are associated with (1) of function of the (2) gene on chromosome (3)

Answer 7

1. loss
2. VHL tumor suppressor
3. 3

Question 8

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma are (1). Constitutional symptoms of (2) are often also present.

Answer 8

1. costovertebral angle pain, presence of a palpable mass and often hematuria (intermittent)
2. fever, malaise and weight loss

Question 9

Renal cell carcinomas can produce a diverse number of symptoms from abnormal hormone production such as (1) which may confuse the diagnosis.

Answer 9

1. polycythemia, HTN, hypercalcemia and Cushing’s syndrome

Question 10

Frequent metastatic sites of renal cell carcinomas are ?

Answer 10

lungs and bone

Question 11

Tumor extension to involve perirenal or the presence of tumor within (1) are signs of poor prognosis

Answer 11

1. renal veins (renal vein invasion)

Question 12

Urothelial carcinoma originates from the (1). (2) is a frequent presenting symptom. Larger tumors may produce (3)

Answer 12

1. urothelial lining cells of the renal pelvis
2. Hematuria
3. hydro nephrosis

Question 13

Urothelial carcinoma may frequently be present in other portions of the (1)

Answer 13

renal pelvis, ureters or bladder

Question 14

(1) is the most common primary kidney tumor in children (1 in 10,000 children) and the fourth most common pediatric malignancy. Tumors are bilateral in up to 10% of cases.

Answer 14

1. Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma

Question 15

Wager syndrome patients have _____

Answer 15

aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation

Question 16

Wager syndrome features germline deletions of (1) and studies of these patients led to the identification of the (2).

Answer 16

1. 11p13

2. Wilms tumor associated gene (WT1)

Question 17

Denys-Drash syndrome patients have ______

Answer 17

1. gonadal dysgenesis

Question 18

Beskwith-Wiedmann syndrome patients (1) also have an increased incidence of Wilms tumors.

Answer 18

1. enlargement of individual body parts or body segments

Question 19

WT1

Answer 19

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 20

often come to light due to presence of an easily palpated very large abdominal mass that may even extend into the pelvic area

Answer 20

Wilms tumors

Question 21

Features of VHL -

Answer 21

bilateral renal cell carcinoma, family history

Question 22

Diverse symptoms from hormone production (systemic symptoms unrelated to the kidney itself)
Polycythemia
HTN
Hypercalcemia
Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 22

Renal cell carcinoma clinical features

Question 23

aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation‐33% lifetime risk

Answer 23

Wager syndrome

Question 24

gonadal dysgenesis, renal abnormalities‐90% lifetime risk

Answer 24

Denys‐Drash syndrome

Question 25

Triphasic combination of elements in WILMS tumor

1, 2, 3

Answer 25

blastemal
stroma;
epithelial cell types(abortive tubules or glomeruli)