Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration Flashcards
1) To know the micro anatomy of renal vasculature and differentiate cortical and medullary blood flow. 2) To understand the different processes involved in urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption and secretion 3) To define the renal vascular pressure profiles and understand its role in regulation of glomerular filtration and urine formation 4) To describe regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration by autoregulation and neuro-hormonal regulation
The Kidney is crucial for maintenance of body homeostasis:
- Name 6 functions of the Kidney
- Ridding the body of metabolic by-products
- – urea, creatinine, uric acid, sulfate, phosphate - Excrete toxins and other foreign substance
- Balance salt and water
- Balance acid/base
- Endocrine: conversion of vitamin D3 > calcitriol
- Endocrine: synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO)
Describe the progression of renal failure to death (6 steps)
- Renal failure
- Edema (due to lack of salt/H20 balance)
- Increase work load on heart
- Heart failure > pulmonary edema
- Acidemia / Hyperkalemia
- Death
Name the 2 endocrine functions of the kidney
- Conversion of vitamin D3 > calcitriol
2. Synthesis of EPO
What is ESRD?
End Stage Renal Disease
- – little to no kidney function
- – cannot survive w/o hemodialysis or kidney transplant
What is a nephron?
The functional unit of the kidney
How many nephrons per kidney?
About 1 million
Name 2 types of nephrons
- Juxta medullary nephrons
2. Superficial nephrons
What percentage of nephrons are: Juxtamedullary nephrons? ____%
Superficial nephrons? ____%
Juxtamedullary nephrons: 15%
Superficial nephrons: 85%
From the outer layer of the kidney, moving in towards the calyx (where the urine dumps into) name the layers of the kidney
Capsule > cortex > outer medulla > inner medulla
Starting from the afferent arteriole and ending with the calyx, describe the structures through which blood/filtrate moves through the kidney
afferent arteriole > glomerulus > Bowman’s capsule > proximal convoluted tubule > proximal straight tubule > thin descending limb > thin ascending limb > thick ascending limb > distal convoluted tubule > cortical collecting duct > medullary collecting duct > duct of Bellini > calyx
What is the difference between juxta medullary nephrons and superficial nephrons?
Superficial nephrons are located closer to the outer surface of the kidney - spanning the cortex and outer medulla
juxta medullary nephrons are deeper in the kidney and span the outer medulla and inner medulla
Which parts of the nephron are always located in the cortex?
The Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the cortical collecting duct
Which part of the nephron is located in the medulla?
Loop of Henle, cortical collecting duct
Name the limbs that make up the Loop of Henle
Thick segment of ascending limb
Thin segment of ascending limb
Descending limb
Which type of nephron spans the inner medulla?
The juxta medullary nephrons (thin descending – the superficial nephrons only reach down to the outer medulla
