Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration

Question 1

what is kidney failure

Answer 1

an abrupt fall in glomerular filtration

Question 2

GFR

Answer 2

glomerular filtration rate

Question 3

what is glomerular filtration

Answer 3

formation of an ultrafiltrate of plasma in the glomerulus

Question 4

DESCRIBE glomerular filtration

Answer 4

passive

fluid driven through fenestrated golomedrular capllaris into bowman’s capsule by the hydrostatic pressure of the hart

Question 5

what are fenestratd capillaries permeable to

Answer 5

fluids

small solutes

Question 6

what is the concentration of solutes in the filtrate

Answer 6

the same as in the plasma

Question 7

what are cells impermeable to

Answer 7

cells
proteins
drugs

Question 8

how are cardio and renal problems elated

Answer 8

hart failure = reduced CO

reduced pressure = kidney failure

Question 9

amount excreted =

Answer 9

amount filtered + amount secreted - amount absorbed

Question 10

what is reabsorbed

Answer 10

valuble substances - ions a essential elements

Question 11

consequence of reabsorbtion

Answer 11

concentrated urine

Question 12

purpose of secretion

Answer 12

get rid of unwanted material

Question 13

driving force for filtration

Answer 13

hydrostatic pressure in gloerulus capillaries

Pgc

Question 14

GFR

Answer 14

glomerular filtration rate

Question 15

Kf is

Answer 15

ultra filtration coefficient

membrane permeability and available for filtration

Question 16

what is produced from glomerular filtration

Answer 16

ultrafiltrate
free from blood and proteins
contains electrolytes and small solutes
called primary urine

Question 17

vol of GFR

Answer 17

120ml/min

Question 18

opposing forces for filtration

Answer 18

hydrostatic pressure of tubule
Pt
osmotic pressure of plasma proteins in glomerular capillaries
Pi gc

Question 19

Puf=

Answer 19

Pgc-Pt-Pi gc

Question 20

GFR =

Answer 20

Puf x Kf

Question 21

Kf is

Answer 21

ultra filtration coefficient

Question 22

what causes a change in GFR

Answer 22

change in Kf
or filtration force
or SA

Question 23

effect of kidney disease

Answer 23

reduce func glomeruli
reduce SA
reduced Kf
reduced GFR

Question 24

effect of dilation of arterioles by drugs/hormons

Answer 24

increase Kf

Question 25

GFR definition

Answer 25

th amount of fluid filtered from the glomeruli into Bowman's capsule per unit time ml/min sum of filtration rate of all functioning nephrons

Question 26

purpose of renal blood flow

Answer 26

delivers O2 nutrients and substances for secretion

Question 27

vol of renal blood flow

Answer 27

1L/min

Question 28

vol of renal plasma flow

Answer 28

o.6L/min

Question 29

what is renal plasma flow measured by

Answer 29

para aminohippurate (PAH) clearance = 625ml/min

Question 30

GFR = (using RPF)

Answer 30

RPF x FF

Question 31

effect on plasma of renal failure

Answer 31

subsatnces build up | including drugs - can cause overdose

Question 32

myogenic mechanism for autoregulation

Answer 32

as CO increase arteriole stretch reflex cause constriction of arteriole reduced flow and pressure GFK remains constant

Question 33

effect of severe haemorrage of GFR

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

effect of obtruction the the nephron tubule of GFR

Answer 34

decrease - opposing pressure has increased

Question 35

effect of reduced plasma protein on GFR

Answer 35

inrease

Question 36

what is renal clearance

Answer 36

the extent to which substances are removed from the blood | number of L of plasma completely cleared of the substance per unit time

Question 37

eqn for renal clearance

Answer 37

C= (UV)/P ml/min

Question 38

U

Answer 38

conc in urine

Question 39

P

Answer 39

conc in plasma

Question 40

V

Answer 40

rate of urine production

Question 41

what type of molecule is used to estimate GFR using clearance

Answer 41

freely filtered | neither reabsorbed or secreted in nephron

Question 42

molecules that can be used in renal clearance calculations

Answer 42

inulin - plant so have to be transfused | creatine

Question 43

creatin

Answer 43

waste product from muscle met amount is constant amount in urine is stable low values of clearance indicate renal failure

Question 44

what is renal plasma flow measured by

Answer 44

para aminohippurate (PAH) clearance = 625ml/min

Question 45

how dos PAH travel through the kidney

Answer 45

filtered and actively secreted all is removed therefore clearance = renal plasma flow

Question 46

effect on plasma of renal failure

Answer 46

sbsatnces build up | inclding drugs - can cause overdose