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urinary system > Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration > Flashcards

Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration Flashcards

1
Q

what is kidney failure

A

an abrupt fall in glomerular filtration

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2
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

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3
Q

what is glomerular filtration

A

formation of an ultrafiltrate of plasma in the glomerulus

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4
Q

DESCRIBE glomerular filtration

A

passive

fluid driven through fenestrated golomedrular capllaris into bowman’s capsule by the hydrostatic pressure of the hart

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5
Q

what are fenestratd capillaries permeable to

A

fluids

small solutes

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6
Q

what is the concentration of solutes in the filtrate

A

the same as in the plasma

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7
Q

what are cells impermeable to

A

cells
proteins
drugs

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8
Q

how are cardio and renal problems elated

A

hart failure = reduced CO

reduced pressure = kidney failure

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9
Q

amount excreted =

A

amount filtered + amount secreted - amount absorbed

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10
Q

what is reabsorbed

A

valuble substances - ions a essential elements

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11
Q

consequence of reabsorbtion

A

concentrated urine

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12
Q

purpose of secretion

A

get rid of unwanted material

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13
Q

driving force for filtration

A

hydrostatic pressure in gloerulus capillaries

Pgc

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14
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

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15
Q

Kf is

A

ultra filtration coefficient

membrane permeability and available for filtration

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16
Q

what is produced from glomerular filtration

A

ultrafiltrate
free from blood and proteins
contains electrolytes and small solutes
called primary urine

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17
Q

vol of GFR

A

120ml/min

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18
Q

opposing forces for filtration

A

hydrostatic pressure of tubule
Pt
osmotic pressure of plasma proteins in glomerular capillaries
Pi gc

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19
Q

Puf=

A

Pgc-Pt-Pi gc

20
Q

GFR =

A

Puf x Kf

21
Q

Kf is

A

ultra filtration coefficient

22
Q

what causes a change in GFR

A

change in Kf
or filtration force
or SA

23
Q

effect of kidney disease

A

reduce func glomeruli
reduce SA
reduced Kf
reduced GFR

24
Q

effect of dilation of arterioles by drugs/hormons

A

increase Kf

25
Q

GFR definition

A

th amount of fluid filtered from the glomeruli into Bowman’s capsule per unit time
ml/min
sum of filtration rate of all functioning nephrons

26
Q

purpose of renal blood flow

A

delivers O2 nutrients and substances for secretion

27
Q

vol of renal blood flow

A

1L/min

28
Q

vol of renal plasma flow

A

o.6L/min

29
Q

what is renal plasma flow measured by

A

para aminohippurate (PAH) clearance = 625ml/min

30
Q

GFR = (using RPF)

A

RPF x FF

31
Q

effect on plasma of renal failure

A

subsatnces build up

including drugs - can cause overdose

32
Q

myogenic mechanism for autoregulation

A

as CO increase
arteriole stretch reflex cause constriction of arteriole
reduced flow and pressure
GFK remains constant

33
Q

effect of severe haemorrage of GFR

A

decrease

34
Q

effect of obtruction the the nephron tubule of GFR

A

decrease - opposing pressure has increased

35
Q

effect of reduced plasma protein on GFR

A

inrease

36
Q

what is renal clearance

A

the extent to which substances are removed from the blood

number of L of plasma completely cleared of the substance per unit time

37
Q

eqn for renal clearance

A

C= (UV)/P ml/min

38
Q

U

A

conc in urine

39
Q

P

A

conc in plasma

40
Q

V

A

rate of urine production

41
Q

what type of molecule is used to estimate GFR using clearance

A

freely filtered

neither reabsorbed or secreted in nephron

42
Q

molecules that can be used in renal clearance calculations

A

inulin - plant so have to be transfused

creatine

43
Q

creatin

A

waste product from muscle met
amount is constant
amount in urine is stable
low values of clearance indicate renal failure

44
Q

what is renal plasma flow measured by

A

para aminohippurate (PAH) clearance = 625ml/min

45
Q

how dos PAH travel through the kidney

A

filtered and actively secreted
all is removed
therefore clearance = renal plasma flow

46
Q

effect on plasma of renal failure

A

sbsatnces build up

inclding drugs - can cause overdose

urinary system (9 decks)

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