Renal and Urology Flashcards
Which sequence of structures does urine pass through as it leaves the body?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
The functional unit of the human kidney is the:
Nephron
One unique feature of the renal blood circulation is that:
There are 2 sets of capillaries
Which has the opposite effect on urine production from the others?
A. Decreased solutes in the blood B. Decreased BP C. Increased ambient T D. Dehydration E. Reduced water consumption
Decreased solutes in blood
The GFR is regulated by:
A. The ANS
B. The RAA System
C. Atrial NP
All of the above
The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from other capillary networks in the body because they:
Branch from and drain into arterioles
Which is not a function of the kidney?
A. Water volume control
B. BP control
C. Urine storage
D. Conversion of vitamin D to an active form
Urine storage
K+ is secreted by the _____ and reabsorbed by the _____.
Distal CT; Proximal CT
ADH causes water to:
A. Diffuse into the ascending limb of the vasa recta
B. Return to systemic circulation
C. Be reabsorbed at the proximal CT
A and B
Water reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate initially enters the:
Vasa recta
Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.
Protein
An increase in water permeability of the distal CT and collection duct is the result of:
An increase in production of ADH
The descending loop of the nephron allows:
Water reabsorption
Which most accurately describes the pressures affecting net glomerular filtration?
Blood hydrostatic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood oncotic pressures
Tubular secretion of urea is accomplished ub the:
Distal CT
Tubular reabsorption and secretion differ in that:
Secretion adds material to the filtrate; reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate
The kidneys:
Eliminate H+; Eliminate NH4+; Conserve HCO3-
Which should not appear in the glomerular filtrate just after filtration has been accomplished?
A. Protein
B. Urea
C. Glucose
Protein
The loop of Henle is to vasa recta as convoluted tubules are to:
Peritubular capillaries
A waste product of protein metabolism is:
Urea
Atrial natriuretic factor:
Increases urine output
Upper urinary tract obstruction:
A. Can cause hydroureter
B. Predisposes an individual to hypotension
C. Increases the force of detrusor contraction
D. Increases postvoid residual volume
All of the above
Renal function tests include:
A. Urinalysis
B. BUN and serum creatinine
C. SGOT/SGPT
A and B
Which substance is an abnormal constituent of urine?
A. Urea
B. Glucose
C. NaCl
D. Creatinine
Glucose
The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:
Glomeruli
Renal calculi may be composed of:
A. Calcium oxalate
B. Uric acid
C. Cholesterol
A and B
Which can be characteristic of ureteral stones?
A. Severe pain in the back
B. Severe pain in the ABD
C. Nausea and vomiting
All of the above
Which are predisposing factors for acute UTIs?
A. Congenital defects B. Sex of the patient C. Decreased urine flow D. Increased urine flow E. Increased fluid intake
A, B, and C
A common cause of both pylonephriotis and cystitis is:
Invading, ascending microbes, such as E. coli
Pyelonephritis is:
A. An inflammation and infection of urinary bladder
B. Characterized by fever, chills, and flank pain
C. Characterized by pyuria, bacteriuria, and hematuria
D. More common in young women than in young men
B, C, and D
Which renal condition usually has a history of recent infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Chronic renal failure
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Calculi
Glomerulonephritis
Which statement is not true concerning glomerulonephritis?
A. Significant damage to the kidneys occurs during the body’s response to an infection
B. Fever and flank pain occur
C. Complement activation attracts neutrophils
D. It is characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and the presence of casts
E. Approximately 90% of individuals experience chronic disease
Approximately 90% of individuals experience chronic disease
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with _____ to plasma _____.
Increased glomerular permeability; proteins
