Renal and bladder Cancer

Question 1

What is the most common type of bladder cancer?

Answer 1

Transitional cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is another type

Question 2

What are risk factors for bladder cancer?

Answer 2

Male
Smoking
Age
Working with analine dyes e.g. textile or printing industry
Rubber manufacturing 
Cyclophosphamide

Schistsomiasis (squamous cell)

Question 3

What are symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 3

Painless haematuria (+/- clots)
Voiding problems
Recurrent UTIs
Pain from mets

Question 4

What investigations are needed for bladder cancer?

Answer 4

Urine culture and cytology
Cystoscopy with biopsy
MRI/CT to look for mets

Question 5

What is the management of bladder cancer?

Answer 5

T1- transurethral resection of bladder with post op chemo

T2/3- cystectomy with pre- op chemo

T4- palliative care

Question 6

What are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

Male
Smoking
Age
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
Prolonged haemodialysis

Question 7

What are symptoms of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 7

Often asymptomatic

Triad

• haematuria
• loin pain
• palpable abdo mass

Paraneoplastic syndrome

• polycythaemia
• Cushings
• HTN

Left varicocele if invasion into left renal vein

Question 8

What investigations are needed for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 8

Urine MCS and cytology
Renal USS
Renal biopsy 
MRI/CT for mets 
CXR- cannonball mets

Question 9

What is the management of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 9

Tumour <7cm= partial nephrectomy
Tumour >7cm= total nephrectomy
Post op chemo