Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UA > Renal Anatomy/Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

four main components of urinary system

A

kidney
ureters
bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of the kidneys

A

produce urine
metabolic balance
produce hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what hormones are the kidneys responsible for?

A

erythropoietin- RBC production
Calcitriol- supply Ca to Bones
Renin- control BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are kidneys located

A

retroperitoneally

T11-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the internal layers of the kidney?

A 
Cortex
Medulla
Minor calyces
Major calyces
renal pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is cortisol made

A

cortex of adrenal gland

zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are sex hormones created

A

zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the main functional until of the kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what layers are the nephron found

A

cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many nephrons per kidney

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what process for urine formation

A

blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion in nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what makes up a nephron

A

glomerulus-blood filtration
proximal convoluted tubule- reabsorption
loop of Henle- reabsorption
distal convoluted tubule- reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do nephrons drain

A

collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the two nephron types

A

cortical- SHORT loop

juxtamedullary- deep into medulla- LONG loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

blood passes through the kidney at a rate of

A

~1200 ml/min or 600 ml/min/kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

layers of the glomerulus

A 
squamous epithelium (parietal epithelia)
basal lamina
visceral layer= podocytes=visceral epithelial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

three major components of glomerular capillary wall

A

endothelial cell with fenestra
glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ultrafiltrate is made up of

A 
water
electrolytes
glucose
aminoacids
urea
uric acid
creatineine 
ammonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GFR is

A

proportional to body size and varies with age and gender

20
Q

what is the key indicator of kidney function

A

GFR

21
Q

what is normal GFR range

A

90-120 ml/min

22
Q

why is GFR lower in older adults

A

fewer nephrons

23
Q

what does GFR check

A

how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute

24
Q

what does the GFR test measure

A

how well kidneys are filtering creatinine

25
Q

why does GFR test measure creatinine

A

waste product of broken down creatine phosphate in muscles

26
Q

what two samples are required for a GFR creatinine

A

24 hr urine sample and blood sample

27
Q

what are the steps in tubular function

A

filtration from blood into nephron
reabsorption from filtrate into blood
tubular secretion from blood into filtrate
reabsorb h2o under effects of ADH

28
Q

what is a threshold substance

A 
almost completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules except when normal plasma level is exceeded
AA
ascorbic acid
creatine
K
NaCl
29
Q

what kind of threshold substance is glucose

A

high threshold

30
Q

what is the threshold for glucose

A

160-180mg/dl

31
Q

what is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules

A 
K, NaCl (65%)
H2O (65%)
AA (100%)
Glucose (100%)
HCO3- (90%) acidosis
no reabsorption of creatine
32
Q

what is secreted in the proximal tubules

A 
uric acid
organic acids (antibiotics)
33
Q

reabsorption in loop of Henle

A

h2o
NaCl (25%)
Ca, Mg

34
Q

secretion in loop of Henle

A

nothing is secreted here

35
Q

permeable to water

reabsorption of solutes does NOT occur in this part of the Loop

A

descending limb of loop of Henle

36
Q

NEARLY impermeable to water

active reabsorption of solute without water

A

ascending limb of loop

37
Q

fluid leaving the loop has _______ osmolality than plasma why

A

lower; because of lost NaCl

38
Q

distal tubules reabsorption

A

NaCl 5%

H2O

39
Q

distal tubules secretion

A

K

H

40
Q

collecting ducts reabsorption

A

urea
NaCl (5%)
H2O

41
Q

collecting ducts excretion

A 
H2O
NaCl
K
HCO
creatinine
42
Q

carbonic acid breaks down to________ and _________ in the presence of _____________

A

water and CO2 in the presence of carbonic anhydrase.

43
Q

what is not reabsorbed at all

A

creatinine

44
Q

tubular secretion accounts for

A

removal of waste substances that are not filtered by the glomerulus (toxins and medications-penicillin)
secretion/removal of hydrogen ions and other ions to help regulate acid-base and electrolyte balance

45
Q

blood pH is maintained by

A

bicarbinate

UA (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions