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Anatomy module 7 > Renal anatomy > Flashcards

Renal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys location

A

retroperitoneally, in lumbar region

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2
Q

Upper poles

A

12 thoracic

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3
Q

Lower poles

A

3rd lumbar

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4
Q

Hili lie at

A

transpyloric plane opposite 1stlumbar vertebra

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5
Q

Kidneys relation

A

anteriorly to peritoneum and abdominal organs

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6
Q

Right kidneys relations

A

liver, hepatic flexure, descending part of the duodenum, and adrenal gland

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7
Q

Left kidneys relations

A

to splenic flexure, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, spleen and adrenal

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8
Q

Posteriorly to muscles on posterior abdominal wall

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis and diaphragm

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9
Q

Surrounds each kidney but easily stripped off

A

Renal capsule/ True capsule-Surrounds

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10
Q

Helps keep the kidney in its correct location

A

Adipose capsule or perirenal fat

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11
Q

derived from fascia transversalis

A

Renal fascia of Gerota

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12
Q

Inbetween layers of gerotas fascia

A

Gerotas space

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13
Q

Anterior layer of gerotas spacia fuses with the opposite side and blends with walls of

A

renal blood vessels, aorta and vena cava

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14
Q

posterior layer blends of gerotas spacia

A

fascia of psoas and quadratus lumborum ms

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15
Q

Posterior and anterior layer of derotas spacia Fused superiorly and form separate compartment for

A

Adrenal gland

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16
Q

consist of structures at the Hilus namely renal vessels, ureters and nerves

A

Renal pedicle

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17
Q

Cushioning effect of the adjacent organs

A

Renal pedicle

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18
Q

Medial concave margin called

A

Hilus

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19
Q

hilus leading to a cavity

A

Renal sinus

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20
Q

Within sinus lie the

A

renal pelvis, calyces and the renal blood vessels

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21
Q

Parenchyma consists of

A

Cortex and medulla

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22
Q

Sinus is lined by

A

fibrous membrane continuous with the true capsule and fibrous coats of the vessels and collecting system

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23
Q

Medulla–consists of subdivisions called

A

Renal pyramids

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24
Q

Between the pyramids are the

A

Renal olumn of bertini

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25
Q

Bases of the pyramids are directed towards cortex and apices called

A

Renal papilla

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26
Q

Tips of the papilla are perforated and are called

A

Cribosa

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27
Q

refers to the subcapsular zone of cortex

A

Cortex cortices

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28
Q

portion of the cortex between pyramids and cortex

A

Cortical arches

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29
Q

radially directed striations representing bundles of tubules

A

Medullary rays

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30
Q

refers to the kidney parenchyma served by one papilla: one renal pyramid and its overlying cortex

A

Renal lobe

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31
Q

refers to the meddullary ray with the immediately associated cortical tissue

A

Renal lobule

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32
Q

constitute the tubular functional unit of the kidney

A

Uriniferous tubules

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33
Q

secretory part concerned with urine formation

A

Nephron

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34
Q

concentrates urinary solute to form a hypertonic urine

A

Collecting tubules

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35
Q

receives renal papilla

A

Minor calyces

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36
Q

Formed by the union of minor calyces

A

Major calyces

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37
Q

formed by union of major calyces: funnel shaped structure occupying renal sinus and represents the expanded beginning of the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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38
Q

Both renal arteries arise from the

A

Aorta

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39
Q

both renal veins drain into the

A

IVC

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40
Q

The kidneys consume ___% of the heart’s cardiac output

A

20

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41
Q

The arteries generally lie __________ to the vein within the renal hilum

A

Posterior

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42
Q

The renal pelvis is generally ____________ to the vessels

A

Inferoposterior

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43
Q

The right renal artery is _________ than the left

A

Longer

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44
Q

The right renal vein is __________ than the left

A

Shorter

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45
Q

The right renal artery crosses the IVC __________

A

Posteriorly

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46
Q

The left renal vein crosses the aorta___________

A

Anteriorly

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47
Q

The renal artery branches into the

A

Anterior and posterior segmental artery

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48
Q

4 additional segmental arteries

A

Apical, upper, middle, lower

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49
Q

ascend between the pyramids and renal columns ( no branches to the renal parenchyma

A

Interlobar artery

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50
Q

located at the corticomedullary junction

A

Arcuate artery

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51
Q

lie between medullary rays

A

Interlobular artery

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52
Q

going to the renal glomeruli

A

Afferent arteriole

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53
Q

Lhympatics of the kidneys

A

Interaortocavaland and paracaval and para-aortic

54
Q

Afferent fibers travel thru renal plexus and enter spinal cord in the

A

X, XI, XII thoracic spinal spinal nerves

55
Q

Conveys urine produced in the kidney to the bladder through

A

Peristaltic motion

56
Q

Thick walled muscular ducts with a lumen that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Expandable; narrow

57
Q

Usually ___cm in length in adults ( ureters)

A

25

58
Q

Completely retroperitoneal but adheres closely to the( ureters)

A

Parietal peritoneum

59
Q

Ureters escends anterior to the

A

Psoa

60
Q

enters pelvic cavity by crossing bifurcation of the __________ in front of ___________ and enters bladder at lateral angle

A

Common iliac artery; sacroiliac joints

61
Q

Crossed by at its termination: related to uterine artery ( beneath it) in females

A

Vas deferens

62
Q

Utero pelvic junction

A

UPJ

63
Q

Vesicoureteral junction

A

UVJ

64
Q

Iliac vessels

A

Center

65
Q

Arterial blood supply of the ureters

A

from renal, testicular (ovarian) and superior vesical artery

66
Q

Nerve supply of the uterus derived from the

A

Adjacent autonomic plexuse

67
Q

Afferent fibers from the ureters enter the spinal cord via dorsal roots

A

T11, T12, & L1

68
Q

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE URETERS Generally follow the course of the renal vein and drain into the

A

lumbar (lateral aortic) lymph nodes

69
Q

lymphatics join those of the kidney

A

Upper ureteral

70
Q

lymphatics drain to the common iliac nodes

A

Middle ureteral

71
Q

drain to the common, external or internal iliac lymph nodes

A

Lower ureteral

72
Q

Urinary bladder location

A

pelvis, anterior and inferior to the peritoneal cavity and posterior to the pubic bone

73
Q

Female (UB)prevesical space of Retzius

A

Infero lateral

74
Q

6 points

A

Renal shadow, psoas shadow, urinary bladder, bowel gas, colic gas and bones

75
Q

Female(UB)vagina and cervix,separated from them by vesicovaginal septum

A

Posteriorly

76
Q

Female (UB)rests directly o pelvic floor

A

Inferiorly

77
Q

Female (UB) loosely covered by peritoneum which allows distension of the organ

A

Superiorly

78
Q

Male (UB) rectum, separated from it by the 2 seminal vesicles and ductus deferens and by fascia of Denonvillier’s (prostatoperitoneal membrane

A

Inferolateral

79
Q

Male (UB) same as in female except of course the uterus

A

Superiorly

80
Q

Male (UB) Pelvic floor

A

Inferiorly

81
Q

Found between pubic and bladder

A

Prevesical space of retzius

82
Q

PREVESICAL SPACE OF RETZIUs

Limited below by ______________ in males

A

Puboprostatic ligament

83
Q

Retzius Laterally extends as far as

A

Internal liac artery

84
Q

Superiorly. PREVESICAL SPACE OF RETZIU

A

continues with interval between peritoneum and transversalis fascia which extends up to umbilicus, limited on each side by lateral umbilical ligaments

85
Q

Part of the uterus with two ureteral orifice

A

Body

86
Q

from back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate

A

MEDIAL PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT

87
Q

from pelvic fascia at the area of levator ani ms. To the neck of the bladder and prostate

A

LATERAL PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT

88
Q

from apex of the bladder to the umbilicu

A

MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT

89
Q

median umbilical ligament, stabilizes bladder anteriorly

A

Lateral umbilical ligament

90
Q

Bladder is empty; distended

A

Rugose mucosa; smooth

91
Q

a triangular area bounded by the right and left ureteral orifices

A

Vesical trigone

92
Q

found at the posterior bladder wall that remains smooth even of empty

A

Vesical trigone

93
Q

The ureteral orifices are interconnected by one elevated mucous fold called

A

Interureteric ridge

94
Q

ureteral orifice is not circular due to

A

vesical crest or uvula

95
Q

found at the interior bladder fundus that usually deepens by an increase in the intravesical -pressure. Urine usually stagnate in the said fossa

A

Retrotrigonal fossa

96
Q

Blood supply of UB

A

Iliac artery

97
Q

supply superolateral wall-branches out after the gluteal a (UB)

A

superior vesical artery

98
Q

continuation of the internal iliac artery. In women, it arises from the uterine artery

A

Inferior vesical artery

99
Q

supplies bladder floor, prostate, and prostatic urethra

A

Inferior vesical artery

100
Q

Drainage of UB

A

Internal iliac veins

101
Q

Veins :form prevesical plexus which drain into

A

InFerior vesical vein

102
Q

Enveloping the base of the bladder & prostate, including the seminal vesicles, ampulla of the vas, and inferior ends of the ureters, are the

A

Vesical venous plexus and prostatic plexus

103
Q

Bladder male. There is also some drainage into the sacral veins thus entering the

A

vertebral venous plexus (aka Batson’s plexus

104
Q

envelops the proximal urethra and bladder neck UB female

A

Vesical venous plexus

105
Q

The vesical venous plexus which envelops the proximal urethra and bladder neck drains into the

A

Vaginal venous plexus

106
Q

Lhympatic drainage of UB

A

anterior part of the bladder to external iliac nodes * posterior part to iliac nodes

107
Q

considered the filling nerve since they inhibit the detrussor muscle and increased tone of internal urethral sphincter (UB)

A

Hypogastric plexus (sympathetic

108
Q

UB voluntaary relaxation of external sphincter via

A

Pudendal nerve

109
Q

UB

considered the emptying nerve since they stimulate contraction of detrussor muscle and elevation of the trigone with relaxation of internal urethral sphincter

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (parasympathetic

110
Q

Is from the superior surface of the bladder near its posterior border to the uterus, at the junction of the uterine body & cervix

A

Peritoneal reflection in female

111
Q

The vesicouterine pouchof peritoneum is between the

A

Bladder and the uterus

112
Q

Peritoneal Reflections in the Male

A

Is from the superior surface of the bladder, over the ductus deferens & seminal vesicles

113
Q

Male

The bladder is relatively free floating except for its neck where it is attached firmly by the

A

Puboprostatic ligaments

114
Q

Male Between the bladder & the rectum are the

A

ampullae of the vas & the seminal vesicles

115
Q

Male Bladder neck opens into the

A

Prostatic lumen

116
Q

Male UB There is a bulge just beneath the trigone caused by the

A

Posterior lobe of the prostate

117
Q

Female Between the bladder & the rectum is the

A

cervix & the superior part of the vagina

118
Q

Female Bladder neck opens into the

A

Short female urethra

119
Q

Female There is usually an extrinsic compression at the superior margin caused by the

A

Anteverted uterus

120
Q

widest and most dilatable portion: 3 cm.long. On posterior wall, is a long elevation, the urethral crest

A

Prostatic urethra

121
Q

Grooves along sides of the crest are called

A

Prostatic sinuses

122
Q

Summit of the crest

A

Utricle, which open th urethra

123
Q

Ejaculatory ducts open at the

A

Lateral margin of utricle

124
Q

least dilatable found within urogenital diaphragm surrounded by the urethral sphincter

A

Membranous urethra

125
Q

enclosed in the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis

A

Penile urethra

126
Q

Becomes dilated as fossa navicularis at the area of the glans and terminatesat external urethral meatus

A

Penile urethra

127
Q

narrowest part of the urethra

A

External urethral meatus

128
Q

Female urethra

A

1.5 inches long Extends from the neck of the bladder to vestibule where it opens about 1 cm. below clitoris Presence of transverse sphincter urethrae Paraurethral glands (homolgue of prostate) open on either side of urethral orifice

129
Q

Blood supply of urethra

A

From the internal pudendal & vaginal arteries & veins

130
Q

Lhympatics of urethra

A

Sacral lymph nodes-Internal iliac lymph nodes

131
Q

Innervation of urethra

A

Pudendal nerves-Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Anatomy module 7 (1 decks)

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