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HUB SEM2 > Renal Anatomy > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the renal system?

A
  1. Excretion (removal of organic wastes from the body)
  2. Elimination (the process of discharging wastes from the body)
  3. Production (hormones=calcium regulation and red blood cell production)
  4. Regulation
  5. 1 Blood volume and BP
  6. 2 Ion concentration in blood plasma-sodium, potassium, chloride etc.
  7. Stabilization (blood pH)
  8. Conservation (nutrients e.g. glucose)
  9. Detoxification (assists the liver in detoxifying the body of poisons)
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2
Q

What is a calyx?

A

The drainage channels from the renal papilla. Exists from minor and major calyes.

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3
Q

What is the pelvis of the kidney?

A

The large tube like structure that is made up of many major calyes which converge and eventually forms the ureter.

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4
Q

Describe the renal papilla.

A

The tip regions of the pyramids which projects onto the minor calyx.

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5
Q

What is the function of the hilum of the kidney?

A

The region of the kidney where vessels enter and leave the kidney. The renal artery and vein and the pelvis exit/enter.

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6
Q

What is the renal pelvis made up of?

A

4-5 major calyes that converge.

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7
Q

What does the renal pelvis form?

A

The ureter.

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8
Q

How do the urinary system maintain homeostatic control.

A

Through the systems of regulation of blood volume and BP and ion concentrations in blood plasma, through stabilisation of blood pH, through conservation of nutrients, and through detoxification.

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9
Q

Where are the kindeys located?

A

Lateral to the vertebral column, from T12 to L3, with the left slightly superior.

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10
Q

What is the left kidney located slightly superior to the left?

A

To accommodate the liver.

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11
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On the superior pole of each kidney.

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12
Q

Through which structures are the kidneys supported?

A

The peritoneum (they are retroperitoneal organs) , surrounding visceral organs and connective tissue layers.

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13
Q

What does it mean if a organ is a retroperotineal organ?

A

It is covered by the peritoneum in the abdomen. The kidneys are located between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall.

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14
Q

The connective tissue layers are made up of 4 layers.

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Perinephric fat
  3. Renal fascia
  4. Paranephric fat
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15
Q

Which structures pass through the hilum?

A

Renal artery, renal veins, nerves, lymphatics, ureter

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16
Q

What is a renal sinus?

A

It is the space around calyces and vessels that is filled with fat.

17
Q

What is the function of the fat in the renal sinuses?

A

To protect and support the calyces and the renal pelvis.

18
Q

Why does the medulla have a striped appearance?

A

It is made up of many tiny tube structures.

19
Q

What structures does the renal lobe consist out of?

A

Pyramid + Overlying cortex + Adjacent renal columns

20
Q

What ks the function of the nephron.

A

The production of urine.

21
Q

Through which structures does the blood pass towards the nephron?

A

Descending aorta-renal artery-segmental artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-interlobular/cortical radiate artery-Afferent arterioles-Nephron (glomerulus)

22
Q

Through which structures does blood pass after reaching the nephron?

A

Nephrone (glomerulus)- Efferent arterioles- Interlobular/Cortical radiate veins- Arcuate veins-Interlobar veins- Renal vein- Inferior Ven cava

23
Q

Name the structures of the renal tubule.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

24
Q

What ks the function of the nephron.

A

The production of urine. Filtration of blood.

25
Q

Name the two types of nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons

Juxtamedullary nephron

26
Q

What is the differnece between the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons: only the loop of Henle is located in the medulla.
Juxtamedullary nephrons: PCT and loop of Henle in medulla. Has a longer loop of Henle.

27
Q

What is the differnece between the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons: only the loop of Henle is located in the medulla. Loop of Henle shorter.
Juxtamedullary nephrons: PCT and loop of Henle in medulla. Has a longer loop of Henle.

28
Q

In which area is more nephrons located?
A. Cortex
B. Medulla

A

A-Cortical nephrons

29
Q

Through which structure does blood travel through after moving though the glomreulus?

A

Efferent arteriole

30
Q

Which blood vessel structure is present in cortical nephrons?

A

Peritubular capillaries

31
Q

Which blood vessel structure is present in juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Vasa recta.

32
Q

Into to which structure does the blood drain into after moving through both the vasa recta and peritubular capillaries?

A

Drains into interlobular/cortical radiate arteries or arcuate arteries.

HUB SEM2 (1 decks)

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