Renal Anatomy

Question 1

What is the course of the ureters?

Answer 1

Renal pelvis → travel under gonadal arteries → over common iliac artery → uterine artery/vas deferens

Question 2

What differentiates the left renal vein from the right renal vein?

Answer 2

Left renal vein receives 2 additional veins: the left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein

Question 3

How do the ureters run in relation to the common iliac artery?

Answer 3

Water (ureters) flows over the common iliac artery (and under the bridge [uterine artery or vas deferens])

Question 4

Which arteries supply the middle ureter?

Answer 4

Gonadal artery, aorta, common and internal iliac arteries

Question 5

Why is the left kidney removed from the donor during living donor transplantation?

Answer 5

The left kidney is removed from the donor because it has a longer renal vein than the right kidney

Question 6

How is urinary reflux prevented physiologically?

Answer 6

When the bladder contracts, it compresses the intravesical ureter and prevents urine reflux

Question 7

Which part of the kidney is most susceptible to hypoxia?

Answer 7

Renal medulla (receives less blood flow than renal cortex)

Question 8

Which arteries supply the proximal ureter?

Answer 8

Renal arteries

Question 9

What are the 3 common points of ureter obstruction?

Answer 9

Pelvic inlet, ureteropelvic junction, and ureterovesical junction

Question 10

Gynecologic procedures, such as ligation of the uterine or ovarian vessels, may damage which structure in the urinary system ?

Answer 10

These procedures may damage a ureter, causing a ureteral leak or obstruction

Question 11

Name the structures that pass over the ureters in men vs women.

Answer 11

Uterine artery for women; vas deferens for men: water (ureters) under the bridge (uterine artery or vas deferens)

Question 12

Which arteries supply the distal ureter?

Answer 12

Superior vesical and internal iliac arteries

Question 13

What is the name of the structure indicated by the label C?

Answer 13

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 14

What is the name of the structure indicated by the label A?

Answer 14

Glomerulus

Question 15

What is the name of the structure indicated by the label B?

Answer 15

Bowman space

Question 16

How do the structures highlighted in the image run their course to the bladder: retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 16

Retroperitoneal (the structures highlighted in the image are the ureters)