Renal

Question 1

Define acute kidney injury

Answer 1

A rapid decline in kidney function Over hours or days as measured by serum urea and creatinine and leading to a failure to maintain fluid electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis

Question 2

How do you diagnose acute kidney injury?

Answer 2

• rise in creatinine >26umol/L in 48 hr
• rise in creatinine >1.5 x baseline
• urine output <0.5ml/kg/h for 6 consecutive hours

Question 3

What are the risk factors for developing acute kidney injury?

Answer 3

Age over 75, chronic kidney injury, cardiac Failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic liver disease, diabetes, drugs, sepsis, poor fluid intake or increased losses, history of urinary symptoms

Question 4

Give five causes for chronic kidney disease

Answer 4

Diabetes, glomerulonephritis, idiopathic, hypertension or renovascular disease, pyelonephritis or reflux nephropathy