Renal Flashcards
Glomerulonephritis: acute can lead to _______
decreased ______ d/t ________
mainly caused by _________
S/S: sore _____, headache & ______, BUN/Creat ______, particles in urine, ______ pain, BP _______, facial ________, urinary output ______, urine spec. grav _____
Client going into fluid volume _______
Treat: get rid of ______, conserve _____, daily ______, I/O, monitor _______, fluid replacement = yesterday’s ______ + ______; low ____ & _____, but _____ carbs, possible _____; ______ begins 1-3 weeks after onset, blood and ______ can be in urine for months; teach signs of _________
chronic
filtering, scarring
streptococcus
throat, malaise, increase, flank, increase, edema, decreases, increases
EXCESS strep, energy, weights BP loss, 500, protein, sodium, high dialysis, diuresis protein renal failure
Nephrotic Syndrome = _______ protein into urine so client becomes ________, without albumin, fluid moves into ______ so BP ______ because fluid isn’t in the _______, kidneys start RAS so ________ is produced, which will retain _____ & _______, but there’s no albumin to hold it so it _____ into the ______
Total Body Edema = ________
protein loss can cause blood _____ and _____ cholesterol/triglycerides
can be caused by bacterial/viral _______, NSAIDs, ______ predisposition, systemic diseases like ____ or ______, strep
S/S: ______albuminemia, protein_____, _______ (edema), _______lipidemia
Treat: diuretic, _____ inhibitor, prednisone _______ inflammation, _____ to lower lipids, _____ sodium, _______ protein, anticoags for ____ months, dialysis
THIS IS THE ONLY KIDNEY ISSUE WHERE YOU CAN INCREASE _______ IN THE DIET!
leaking hypoalbuminemic tissues, decreases vascular space, aldosterone sodium, water leaks, tissues ANASARCA clots, increased
infections, genetic, lupus, diabetes
HYPO, URIA, ANASARCA, HYPER
ACE, decreases, -statin, low, high, 6
PROTEIN
Renal Failure requires \_\_\_\_\_ failure Pre-renal = \_\_\_\_\_ can't get into kidneys SBP <90 = \_\_\_\_\_ perfusing kidneys any form of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because it kills \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hypo\_\_\_\_ and hypo\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HR
Intra-renal = damage ______ kidney
contrast _____, -______ drugs, diabetes causes severe ______ damage, malignant ______ also glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome
Post-renal = ______ can’t get out of kidneys
enlarged ____, kidney _____, tumors, ureteral _____, edematous _____
bilateral blood NOT shock, kidneys tension, volemia decreased
inside
dye, -mycin
vascular, hypertension
urine
prostate, stones, obstruction
stoma
Renal Failure S/S Creatinine & BUN \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Specific Gravity \_\_\_\_\_\_ initially \_\_\_\_\_ due to lack of erythropoietin HTN and HF = retaining \_\_\_\_\_ retaining \_\_\_\_\_ = anorexia, nausea, vomiting good skin care needed for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ frost hyperkalemia = lethal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ metabolic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ retain phos = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Ca => osteoporosis
increase increases Anemic fluids toxins uremic arrhythmias acidosis decreased
Acute Renal Failure Phases Oliguric phase lasting \_\_\_\_\_\_ weeks UOP \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_ mL/24 hr Fluid Volume \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Potassium \_\_\_\_\_\_ d/t retention via decreased UOP
Diuretic phase has ______ onset
______ UOP, up to ______ L/day
Fluid Volume _______ –> THINK ________
Potassium ________
1-3
dereases, 100-400
excess
increases
sudden
increased, 10
deficit, SHOCK
decrease
Hemodialysis–machine is the ______
heparin is given to prevent _____ and is in the body for ______ hours–avoid potential for _______
depression is ______ –> risk for ______
watch ______ and electrolytes constantly
not all clients can ____ HD
must have ________ access, usually with a ______
hold meds before HD because so much _____ is ______ the body–famotidine can be given as it’s not _____ by the kidneys
Do NOT use fistula for _____ or _____
NO: ____, ____ sticks, _____ articles in that extremity
assess _____ by auscultating for _____ and palpating for ____
glomerulus (filter) clots 4-6, bleeding common, suicide BP tolerate vascular, fistula blood, outside filtered
MEDS or LABS
BP, needle, constrictive
patency, bruit, thrill
Peritoneal Dialysis–use ______ membrane as filter
_____ the dialysate to promote _____
lower the fluid to drain _____
if fluid doesn’t come all the way out: ________
CAPD vs. CCPD
CAPD not good for arthritis, back pain and ________
CCPD on cycler at _____ = more _______
MAJOR COMPLICATION is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effluent is first sign of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ constant \_\_\_\_\_\_ taste possibility for a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ altered \_\_\_\_\_\_ image anorexia, low back pain
INCREASE: _____ –need ____ peristalsis & ______–big holes in peritoneum and a lot of protein is ______
peritoneum
warm, vasodilation
toxins
reposition/turn side-to-side
colostomies
night, freedom
PERITONITIS cloudy, peritonitis sweet hernia body
FIBER, decrease, PROTEIN, lost
CRRT is done in the ______ setting
works best for client with ________ cardiovascular status and acute ______ failure
ICU
fragile
renal
Kidney Stones
pain, ______, vomiting, WBCs in ______, hematuria–anytime stones are suspected, get _______ specimen ASAP and have it checked for _______
If a client has kidney stones, they will get _______ right away
treated with ______ for N/V, _______ or _______ for pain, ________ fluids ______ to prevent future stones, possibly _____, strain ______, procedure to break up stones = ________
nausea, urine
urine
RBCs
pain meds
zofran, NSAIDs, opioids
increase, forever
surgery, urine
lithotripsy
