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Diagnosis & Mgmt 1 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is creatinine? What are the normal ranges?

A

Cr- by-product of muscle breakdown. It is produced at a constant rate.

Range only accurate when kidney function is stable.

Men- 0.5-1.2

Women- 0.4-1.1

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2
Q

What does GFR measure?

A

GFR is the volume of fluid filtered through renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsules per unit time.

The sum of filtration rates in all the functioning nephrons. (so it also tells you how many nephrons are functioning)

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3
Q

What is the normal GRF ranges?

A

Men: 130 mL/min
Women: 120 mL/min

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4
Q

What does GFR assess?

A

GFR assesses degree of impairment and helps monitor disease progression and response.

GFR decline is suggestive of underlying disease or another problem like decreased profusion or volume depletion.

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5
Q

What is BUN?

A

Blood, urea, nitrogen.

Measures nitrogen portion of urea,

Used as an index of glomerular function in production and excretion of urea.

High BUN means severely impaired glomerular function.

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6
Q

What are normal BUN ranges?

A

Adults: 7-18 mg/dL

Over 60: 8-20 mg/dL

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7
Q

What should the urine protein to urine creatinine ratio of be?

A

Normal: less than 1

If more than 1, assess cause of glomerular disease. i.e. Diabetes, vascular disease, malignant, infection and med use.

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8
Q

What is normal GFR?

A

above 90 mL/min

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9
Q

What is mildly decreased GFR?

A

60-89

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10
Q

What is mild to moderate decreased GFR?

A

45-59

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11
Q

What is moderate to severe decreased GFR?

A

30-44

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12
Q

What is severely decreased GFR?

A

15-29

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13
Q

What GFR indicates kidney failure?

A

less than 15

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14
Q

When assess the severity of CKD, what two factors are taken into consideration?

A

GFR and total protein

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15
Q

What are the two types of kidney disease?

A

congenital and acquired.

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16
Q

What are the most common causes of CKD?

A

diabetes, HTN and glomerulonephritis.

17
Q

How is kidney disease usually classified?

A

Based on the involved anatomy.

i.e. Vascular, primary glomerular and secondary glomerular, tubulointersitial, obstructive and other rare causes.

18
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A
  • Water inside the kidney
  • distension and dilation of the pelvis and calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney
  • untreated leads to progressive atrophy of the kidney.
19
Q

What is an obstruction of the urinary tract?

A
  • blockage or constriction at any point in the urinary tract that impedes normal flow.
  • Causes urine to be retained in bladder or kidneys. When backed up, it’s called hydronephrosis.
  • Obstructions can cause dissension of the bladder walls, urethra, bladder or ureters.
20
Q

What is a duplicate ureter?

A

Congenital condition where the ureteric bud of the embryological origin of the ureter splits twice, resulting in 2 ureters draining a single kidney.

  • anaotmic anomoly, but not a disease. Occurs in utero at 4 weeks.
21
Q

What is horseshoe kidneys?

A
  • When the kidney’s fuse together to make a horseshoe shape.
  • Most common fusion anomaly. Affects 1 in 500.
22
Q

What is polycystic kidney disease?

A
  • A genetic disorder that causes the growth of lots of cysts in the kidney.
  • 4th leading cause of kidney failure.
  • can be autosomal dominant or recessive PKD.
23
Q

What is renal cell carcinoma?

A
  • A cancerous kidney tumor

- associated with smoking and men

24
Q

What is a Wilm’s tumor?

A
  • A kidney tumor, cancerous, usually in children.

- AKA nephroblastoma.

25
Q

What is unilateral small kidney?

A
  • When a kidney is either absent or undeveloped.

- Causes no symptoms and found incidentally.

26
Q

What is renal hypoplasia?

A

Appearance of one small kidney with other kidney larger than normal. Small kidney’s also have small arteries and are associated with HTN requiring nephrectomy.

27
Q

How is acute renal failure defined?

A
  • increase of sCr of 0.5 mg/dL or more within 24 hours. Or as a loss of renal function that has occurred over hours or days.
28
Q

How is acute renal failure classified?

A

Either physiologic cause (pre renal, infrarenal or post renal) or the amount of urine produced (anuric, oliguric or nonoliguric)

29
Q

What is the functioning or mild, moderate and severe renal failure?

A

Mild renal failure: 35-50% normal functioning

Moderate: 20-35% normal functioning

Severe: 10-20% normal functioning

Diagnosis & Mgmt 1 (7 decks)

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