Renal

Question 1

What is acute kidney injury

Answer 1

Sudden decline in renal function as normal homeostasis cannot be maintained.

It is accompanied by the retention of metabolic waste and disturbance of fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 2

How can you detect kidney injury

Answer 2

Routine blood test (serum creatinine) and/or decrease urine output.

Question 3

Causes of pre renal failure

Answer 3

Hypovolaemia
sepsis
Impaired cardiac output
Renal artey stenosis
Renal vein thrombosis

Question 4

Causes of renal injury

Answer 4

Hypoxic injury
Haemolytic uraemia
Glomerulonephritis
Vasculinitis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Nephrotoxic medications
Tumour/tumour lysis

Question 5

Causes of post renal failure

Answer 5

posterior urethral valves
Neuropathic bladder
Bilateral PUJ/VUJ obstruction
Calculi
Ureterocoele

Question 6

Management of AKI (acute kidney injury)

Answer 6

• Volume perfusion
• Medications
• nutrition
• Treat sepsis early
• Fluid balance
• BD weight
• monitor BP