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Adult 1 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system
hint: upper tract


A

Pyelonephritis

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2
Q

Inflammation of bladder
Hint: upper tract

A

Cystitis

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3
Q

Inflammation of urethra
Hint: lower tract

A

Urethritis

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4
Q

UTI that is spread systemically

A

Urosepsis

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5
Q

UTI risk factors

A

Congenital defects, fistula, obesity, short female urethra, age, diabetes, hiv, obstruction, renal impairment, urinary retention, catheter, constipation, void delay/dysfuntion, sex, poor hygiene, bubble bath

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6
Q

Dysuria, hematuria, hesitancy, intermittent, dribble, nocturia, increased frequency

A

Lower UTI

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7
Q

Fever, chills, flank pain, dysuria, nocturia, hematuria, hesitancy, urgency, increased frequency

A

Upper UTI

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8
Q

UTI dipstick urinalysis

A

Nitrites, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase present

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9
Q

How to confirm UTI

A

Microscopic urinalysis

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10
Q

Other UTI test

A

Urine culture, ct or ultrasound

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11
Q

UTI meds

A

Abx, fluconazole (fungal), monurol, macrodatin/macrobid, bactrim, cephalexin

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12
Q

UTI goals

A

Relief of symptoms, no upper tract involvement, no recurrence

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13
Q

UTI management

A

Adequate fluid intake, empty bowel and bladder regularly/efficently

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14
Q

CAUTI Precautions

A

Avoid unnecessary catheters, promote early removal, aseptic technique

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15
Q

Calcium stones in urinary tract

A

Renal calculi

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16
Q

Formation of kidney stones

A

Nephrolithiasis

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17
Q

Formation of stones in urinary tract

A

Urolithiasis

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18
Q

Warm climate, tea, salt, protein (uric acid, decreased fluid, increased calcium, obesity, sedentary

A

Renal calculi risks

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19
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder that increases urinary cystine excretion

A

Cystinuria

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20
Q

Types of stones

A

Calcium, cystine, struvite, uric acid

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21
Q

Sudden severe sharp pain in flank, back or lower abdomen

A

Renal colic

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22
Q

Renal colic, mild shock, cool moist skin, dysuria, fever, chills

A

Renal calculi symptoms

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23
Q

Urine pH increased w/ calculi

24
Q

Urine pH decreased w/ calculi

A

Uric acid or cystine

25
Q

Non contrast ct or ultrasound, urine pH (increased or decreased), urinalysis (hematuria/crystalluria +)

A

Urinary Tract Calculi tests

26
Q

Opioids, NSAIDs, ą-adrenergic blocker (flomax), chronic ABx

A

Renal calculi meds

27
Q

Lithotripsy or nephrolithotomy

A

Renal calculi surgical tx

28
Q

Increase hydration, restrict sodium, limit cola/coffee/tea, decrease calcium, oxalate and purine

A

Renal calculi management

29
Q

Dairy, cocoa, lentils, fish

A

Calcium diet

30
Q

Dark greens (spinach), red veggies, citrus, caffeine

A

Oxalate diet

31
Q

Small bone fish, scallops, organ meat, pork, beef, mutton

A

Purine diet

32
Q

Reversible rapid loss of kidney function w/ or w/o decreased urine output

A

Acute kidney injury

33
Q

Decreased systemic circulation > decrease blood flow > decreased glomerular filtration and perfusion

A

Pre Renal AKI

34
Q

Problems that cause direct kidney tissue damage > impaired nephron function

A

Intra Renal AKI

35
Q

Mechanical obstruction to outflow of urine

A

Post Renal AKI

36
Q

Decrease cardiac output, decrease vascular resistance, decrease renal vascular blood flow, hypovolemia

A

Pre renal risk factors

37
Q

Acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis (med allergy or infection), nephrotox injury

A

Intra renal risk factors

38
Q

BPH/prostate/bladder cancer, calculi, neuromuscular disorder, spinal cord disease, stricture, trauma

A

Post renal risk factors

39
Q

Urine output < 400 mL/day

40
Q

Oliguria, hyPOvolemia, metabolic acidosis, hyPOnatremia, hyPERkalemia, leukocytosis, increased BUN and creatinine, seizures>stupor>coma, anuria

A

AKI symptoms

41
Q

Acute reduction in urine output AND/OR increased creatinine, CT scan, renal scan, urinalysis (casts, WBCs, RBCs +), electrolytes (low Na+ and high K+)

A

AKI testing

42
Q

Dialysis, calcium supplements, diuretics, RRT, IV Insulin, Sodium Bicarbonate

A

AKI treatment

43
Q

Adequate protein, restrict phosphate and sodium, lower potassium, fluid restriction

A

AKI management

44
Q

Progressive irreversible loss of kidney function

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

45
Q

DIABETES, HTN, age, diabetic neuropathy, CVD, fam Hx, nephrotox meds, glomerulonephritis, cystic and urologic diseases, black/native American

A

CKD risk factors

46
Q

Decreased kidney function that may develop symptoms in multiple systems

47
Q

Uremia, increase BUN and creatinine, hyPERkalemia, hypERglycemia, hyERinsulemia, increase triglycerides, dilutional hyPOnatremia, uremic fetor, hyPERmag, metabolic acidosis, anemia, increased CO2, peripheral neuropathy

A

CKD symptoms

48
Q

Piss breath

A

Uremic fetor

49
Q

GFR <60mL/min for 3 months AND/OR kidney damage > 3 months, hemoglobin and hematocrit, increased BUN and Creatinine, biopsy, scans

A

CKD testing

50
Q

Preserve existing kidney function, reduced CVD risk, prevent complications, promote comfort

51
Q

IV insulin/glucose (hyPERkalemia), ACE inhibitors (HTN), Vitamin D, RRT, erythropoietin (anemia), diuretics

52
Q

Peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, kidney transplant

A

CKD procedures

53
Q

Weight loss, limit alcohol, stop smoking, DASH diet, restrict protein, oral health, sodium/phosphate/potassium restriction, avoid NSAIDS and magnesium based laxatives and antacids

A

CKD Management

54
Q

Exit site infection, peritonitis, hernias, lower back pain, bleeding, atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchitis

A

Peritoneal dialysis complications

55
Q

Abdominal pain and rebound tenderness

A

Peritonitis

56
Q

Exit site infection and peritonitis treatment

57
Q

HyPOtension, muscle cramps, blood loss, hepatitis B

A

Hemodialysis complications

Adult 1 (1 decks)

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