Renal Flashcards
Describe the flow of blood as it enter the kidneys through the renal artery
Renal artery -> segmental artery -> interlobar artery -> arcuate artery ->interlobular artery
What is the name of the structure that covers the renal corpuscle?
Bowmans capsule
What is another name for renal corpuscle
Capillary tuft
Describe the path of filtrate as it exits the glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of henle
Loop of henle
Ascending limb of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal papilla
What are the parts of the renal tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
What is normal urine output?
1.5-2.0 ml/kg/hour
What is the minimally acceptable urine output?
Less than .5 ml/kg/hour
What tests are generally run on urine?
pH
Specific gravity
Microscopic analysis
Urine culture
What tests can be run to assess kidney function?
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum creatinine
Glomerular filtration rate
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate?
90-120 ml/min
What are the normal values for blood urea nitrogen?
7-21 mg/dl
What are the normal serum creatinine levels?
0.7-1.4 mg/dl
Why is serum creatinine considered a late indicator of poor kidney function?
Relatively insensitive test
Results may not show increase in levels until >50% of renal function has deteriorated
How much cardiac output goes to the kidneys?
20-25%
Describe an acute kidney injury
Related to an abrupt insult to the kidney that causes a rapid drop in function
Generally caused by an interruption of blood flow
Generally reversible
Describe chronic kidney disease
Progressive/gradual onset
Progression to ESRD
Inevitable, non reversible
What are the stages of chronic kidney disease based off of?
GFR
What is the GFR of a patient with stage 5 chronic kidney disease?
15 ml/min
Which population is most at risk for chronic kidney disease?
African americans
T/F: GFR does not decrease with age if you are healthy
False. GFR decreases by about 1 ml/min until age 70 where it stabilizes around 70 ml/min
What are the 3 categories of acute kidney injury
Prerenal
Intrinsic renal
Post renal
Describe a prerenal kidney injury
Due to decreased blood flow
Usually reversible
Describe intrinsic renal injury/intra-renal injury
Damage to renal tissue itself from trauma, infection or toxicity
Describe post renal kidney injury
Obstruction of urine outflow
