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Cardiopulmonary > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the flow of blood as it enter the kidneys through the renal artery

A

Renal artery -> segmental artery -> interlobar artery -> arcuate artery ->interlobular artery

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2
Q

What is the name of the structure that covers the renal corpuscle?

A

Bowmans capsule

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3
Q

What is another name for renal corpuscle

A

Capillary tuft

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4
Q

Describe the path of filtrate as it exits the glomerulus

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of henle
Loop of henle
Ascending limb of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal papilla

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5
Q

What are the parts of the renal tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

What is normal urine output?

A

1.5-2.0 ml/kg/hour

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7
Q

What is the minimally acceptable urine output?

A

Less than .5 ml/kg/hour

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8
Q

What tests are generally run on urine?

A

pH
Specific gravity
Microscopic analysis
Urine culture

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9
Q

What tests can be run to assess kidney function?

A

Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum creatinine
Glomerular filtration rate

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10
Q

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate?

A

90-120 ml/min

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11
Q

What are the normal values for blood urea nitrogen?

A

7-21 mg/dl

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12
Q

What are the normal serum creatinine levels?

A

0.7-1.4 mg/dl

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13
Q

Why is serum creatinine considered a late indicator of poor kidney function?

A

Relatively insensitive test
Results may not show increase in levels until >50% of renal function has deteriorated

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14
Q

How much cardiac output goes to the kidneys?

A

20-25%

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15
Q

Describe an acute kidney injury

A

Related to an abrupt insult to the kidney that causes a rapid drop in function
Generally caused by an interruption of blood flow
Generally reversible

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16
Q

Describe chronic kidney disease

A

Progressive/gradual onset
Progression to ESRD
Inevitable, non reversible

17
Q

What are the stages of chronic kidney disease based off of?

A

GFR

18
Q

What is the GFR of a patient with stage 5 chronic kidney disease?

A

15 ml/min

19
Q

Which population is most at risk for chronic kidney disease?

A

African americans

20
Q

T/F: GFR does not decrease with age if you are healthy

A

False. GFR decreases by about 1 ml/min until age 70 where it stabilizes around 70 ml/min

21
Q

What are the 3 categories of acute kidney injury

A

Prerenal
Intrinsic renal
Post renal

22
Q

Describe a prerenal kidney injury

A

Due to decreased blood flow
Usually reversible

23
Q

Describe intrinsic renal injury/intra-renal injury

A

Damage to renal tissue itself from trauma, infection or toxicity

24
Q

Describe post renal kidney injury

A

Obstruction of urine outflow

Cardiopulmonary (6 decks)

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