Renal Flashcards
Where do loop diuretics work?
Thick ascending limb of LoH
What do loop diuretics inhibit?
NKCC2 or K+ 2Cl symporter
Most common metabolic side effects of loop diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Where do thiazide diuretics works?
Proximal DCT
What do thiazide diuretics inhibit?
NaCl co-transporter
Where do aldosterone antagonists work?
Distal DCT and collecting duct
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?
PCT
Example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Acetazolomide
Where is renin released from?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
What factors cause renin secretion?
Reduced renal perfusion
Hyponatraemia
Loss of wall pressure in afferent arteriole
Sympathetic stimulation
What does the macula dense detect?
Reduced sodium
What does renin do?
Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Where is ACE created?
Lungs
What does ACE do?
Angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Effect of angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle?
Vasoconstriction
Effect of angiotensin II on efferent arteriole?
Vasoconstriction
How does angiotensin II stimulate thirst?
Via hypothalamus
What does angiotensin II stimulate release of?
ADH
Aldosterone
What does angiotensin do in the PCT?
Increases PCT Na/H activity
Where is aldosterone released from?
Zona glomerulosa
What 3 things cause aldosterone to be released?
Raised:
angiotensin II
Potassium
ACTH
What does aldosterone cause retention of?
Sodium
Where is ANP released from?
Atrial myocytes
What causes ANP to be released?
Increased blood volume stretching atrial myocytes
What does ANP do to sodium?
Increased excretion sodium and water
Which renal tubule cells does ANP inhibit?
ENaC in DCT
What 3 hormones does ANP suppress?
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin
What does ANP to do renal vessels?
Vasodilation
Where is aldosterone released from?
Zona glomerulosa
Where are glucocorticoids released from?
Zona fasciculata
Where are androgens released from?
Zona reticularis
Where are adrenaline and noradrenaline released from?
Adrenal medulla
Which part of the LoH is permeable to water?
Thin descending limb
