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MRCEM quick revision > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Thick ascending limb of LoH

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2
Q

What do loop diuretics inhibit?

A

NKCC2 or K+ 2Cl symporter

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3
Q

Most common metabolic side effects of loop diuretics?

A

Hypokalaemia

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4
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics works?

A

Proximal DCT

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5
Q

What do thiazide diuretics inhibit?

A

NaCl co-transporter

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6
Q

Where do aldosterone antagonists work?

A

Distal DCT and collecting duct

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7
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

A

PCT

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8
Q

Example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

A

Acetazolomide

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9
Q

Where is renin released from?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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10
Q

What factors cause renin secretion?

A

Reduced renal perfusion
Hyponatraemia
Loss of wall pressure in afferent arteriole
Sympathetic stimulation

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11
Q

What does the macula dense detect?

A

Reduced sodium

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12
Q

What does renin do?

A

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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13
Q

Where is ACE created?

A

Lungs

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14
Q

What does ACE do?

A

Angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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15
Q

Effect of angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle?

A

Vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Effect of angiotensin II on efferent arteriole?

A

Vasoconstriction

17
Q

How does angiotensin II stimulate thirst?

A

Via hypothalamus

18
Q

What does angiotensin II stimulate release of?

A

ADH
Aldosterone

19
Q

What does angiotensin do in the PCT?

A

Increases PCT Na/H activity

20
Q

Where is aldosterone released from?

A

Zona glomerulosa

21
Q

What 3 things cause aldosterone to be released?

A

Raised:

angiotensin II
Potassium
ACTH

22
Q

What does aldosterone cause retention of?

A

Sodium

23
Q

Where is ANP released from?

A

Atrial myocytes

24
Q

What causes ANP to be released?

A

Increased blood volume stretching atrial myocytes

25
Q

What does ANP do to sodium?

A

Increased excretion sodium and water

26
Q

Which renal tubule cells does ANP inhibit?

A

ENaC in DCT

27
Q

What 3 hormones does ANP suppress?

A

ADH
Aldosterone
Renin

28
Q

What does ANP to do renal vessels?

A

Vasodilation

29
Q

Where is aldosterone released from?

A

Zona glomerulosa

30
Q

Where are glucocorticoids released from?

A

Zona fasciculata

31
Q

Where are androgens released from?

A

Zona reticularis

32
Q

Where are adrenaline and noradrenaline released from?

A

Adrenal medulla

33
Q

Which part of the LoH is permeable to water?

A

Thin descending limb

34
Q
A

MRCEM quick revision (12 decks)

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