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module 8 Review > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

what is not a function of the kidneys

A

the kidneys return ammonia and urea to the blood stream

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2
Q

the kidneys are located in ?

A

retroperitoneal space

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3
Q

location of the right kidney

A

right kidney is lower due to the size of the liver

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4
Q

entrance to the kidney is called the

A

renal hilum

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5
Q

the renal pyramids are located within the

A

renal medulla

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6
Q

a renal lobe consists of

A

renal cortex, renal medulla, and nephrons

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7
Q

three distinct layers of tissue that surround each kidney

A

renal fascia

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8
Q

there are three distinct layers that surround the kidney

A

anchors the kidney to the to the surrounding structures and abdominal wall

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9
Q

correct sequence of urine formation in the kidney

A

pyramidal nephron, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

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10
Q

renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and the

A

glomerular/bowman’s capsule

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11
Q

what section of the nephron comes directly after the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate of healthy individuals

A

plasma protein

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13
Q

which of the following cells forms pedicles that encircle the glomerular capillaries?

A

podocytes

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14
Q

the —— is prominent in the final part of the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

macula densa

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15
Q

which of the following cells have receptors for the anti diuretic hormone that facilitates water reabsorption

A

principle cells

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16
Q

which of the following correctly describes the function of podocytes

A

upon contraction, they close filtration slits thus reducing GFR

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17
Q

which of the following structures receives urine from the major calyx of the kidney ?

A

the renal pelvis

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18
Q

which of the following structures receives urine from the renal pyramid of the kidney ?

A

the minor calyx

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19
Q

which of the following anatomical surfaces do the kidneys rest against ?

A

posterior abdominal wall

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20
Q

which anatomical structure is considered to be the functional unit of a kidney

A

nephron

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21
Q

which of the following regions contains the majority of the kidneys glomeruli

A

cortex

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22
Q

tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the

A

peritubular capillaries

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23
Q

which section of the renal tubules does the parathyroid hormone affect ?

A

distal convoluted tubules

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24
Q

the kidneys are abundantly supplied with blood vessels, which enters the renal corpuscles first

A

afferent arterioles

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25
Q

the counter current multiplier mechanism occurs at which of the following structures ?

A

loop of henle

26
Q

which of the following renal functions is correct with respect to the parathyroid hormone ?

A

increases reabsorption of ca2+

27
Q

which of the following organs can release ANP regarding blood volume

A

the heart

28
Q

which of the following epithelial cell types is found in the inner most lining of the urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium

29
Q

which structure is final structure in the sequence of urine flow

A

urethra

30
Q

Correct definition of glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure within the glomerular capillaries promotes filtration

31
Q

calculate the net filtration pressure given the following values

A

10mmHg

32
Q

autoregulation occurs within the the kidneys themselves in order to help maintain constant renal blood, which of the following types of regulation is responsible for decreasing glomerular filtration rates ?

A

both a and c ( tubular glomerular feedback and myogenic mechanism)

33
Q

which of the following occurs when stretching triggers contraction

A

myogenic mechanism

34
Q

which of the following structures is a small tube leading from the internal urethral sphincter to the exterior

A

urethra

35
Q

proximal convoluted tubule function

A

the pct reabsorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acid, vitamins

36
Q

which of the following is the first step in urine formation

A

glomerular filtration

37
Q

which corresponds to the return of filtered plasma to the blood

A

tubular reabsorption

38
Q

which is not a function of a nephron

A

glomerular reabsorption

39
Q

which of the following functions of the nephron and collecting tubules is responsible for eliminating

A

tubular secretion

40
Q

which is the correct percent of glomerular filtration in a day

A

99% of the 150-180 liters of fluid filtered in a day

41
Q

which of the following is incorrect in the role of ADH

A

decrease reabsorption of water into the blood vessels

42
Q

ph range for blood

A

7.35-7.45

43
Q

——- forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across

A

blood pressure

44
Q

a 3 year old child has been rewarded with a hug because she is now completely toiled trained. what did she learn to control

A

external sphincter muscle

45
Q

an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids increases hydrogen ions concentration and can can make body fluids more —-

A

decrease, acidic

46
Q

which of the following hormones enhances the reabsorption of NA+ and Cl- in the nephron

A

A and C (angiotensin 2 and aldosterone)

47
Q

which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

48
Q

which of the following affects concentration of urine by the kidneys ?

A

none of the above

49
Q

when dilute urine is being formed the osmolarity of the fluid —– as it goes down and up the ascending limb, and —— as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct

A

increases, decreases, decreases

50
Q

once in the nephron, glucose can only be reabsorbed into the blood through the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

51
Q

an elevation of plasma bicarbonate (HC03-) and an increase in blood ph produces

A

metabolic alkalosis

52
Q

which of the following is incorrect with respect to the renal cystic disease

A

none of the above

53
Q

which of the following pathologies corresponds to an increase in pco2 and a decrease is plasma

A

respiratory acidosis

54
Q

which of the following is the scientific term for infectious disorders of the lower urinary tract

A

cystisis

55
Q

which of the following events can be potential cause of urinary obstruction

A

all of the above

56
Q

which of the following molecules does not form a type of kidney stones

A

sodium

57
Q

which of the following conditions is suspected if these symptoms develop, acute side pain, px radiate to lower abdominal quadrant and pelvic area, vomiting and nausea

A

kidney stones

58
Q

the washout phenomenon most accurately corresponds to the following statement

A

urine from the bladder normally washes bacteria out of the urethra

59
Q

which of the following is incorrect! with regards to chronic renal failure

A

chronic renal failure is a reversable disease

60
Q

which of the following body systems is affected by chronic renal failure

A

all systems of the body are affected

module 8 Review (1 decks)

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