Renal

Question 1

Initiating event (Kidney injury)

Answer 1

Symptoms of the underlying illness causing AKI may be present

Question 2

Oliguric or anuric phase (Maintenance phase)

Answer 2

Progressive deterioration of kidney function
-Reduced urine production (oliguria), <50 ml/24 hrs=anuria
-Increased retention of urea and creatinine (azotemia)
Complications: fluid retention (pulmonary edema), hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, uremia, lethargy, asterixis

Question 3

Polyuric/diuretic phase

Answer 3

-Glomerular filtration returns to normal, which increaces urine production (polyuria), while tubular reabsorption remains disturbed
-Complications: Loss of electrolytes and water (dehydration, hyponatremia and hypokalemia)

Question 4

Recovery Phase

Answer 4

Kidney function and urine production normalize

Question 5

AKI Stage 1

Answer 5

Serum Creatinine: Increase of 0.3 mg/dL(26.5 umol/L) OR 1.5-1.9 times baseline
Urine Output: <0.5mL/kg/hour for 6-12 hours

Question 6

AKI Stage 2

Answer 6

Serum Creatinine: 2.0-2.9 times baseline
Urine output: <0.5 mL/kg/hour for >12 hours

Question 7

AKI stage 3

Answer 7

Serum Creatinine: >3 times baseline, OR increase >4mg/dL (354 umol/L)
OR Renal replacement therapy initiated
OR in pateints < 18 years of age decrease in eGFR to <35 mL/min/1.73 m2
Urine output: 0.3 mL/kg/hour for 24 hours OR anuria for >12 hours

Question 8

CKD obstructive nephropathy

Answer 8

Ureteral or Renal pelvic dilation

Question 9

CKD :PCKD

Answer 9

Bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts

Question 10

CKD: Chronic glomerulonephritis/Pyelnophritis

Answer 10

Cortical nephrocalcinosis

Question 11

Hyrdonephrosis Grade 1

Answer 11

Renal pelvic dilation

Question 12

Hydronephrosis Grade 2

Answer 12

Pelvis+ Caliceal dilation
Renal parenchyme (Medulla and Cortex) are normal (>7mm)

Question 13

Hydronephrosis Grade 3

Answer 13

Pelvis and Caliceal Dilation
Medulla is short and thin
Cortex is normal