Renal 0: Anatomy Flashcards
Describe the overall external protective connective tissue shields of the kidney (out to in)
Outermost : Renal fascia overlays kidneys and anchors them to surrounding structures
Middle: Adipose capsule :
- Maintains the position of the kidneys
- provides padding,
Innermost:
Renal Capsule->
-Maintains the shape of the kidneys
-physical barrier against trauma
What is the main role of the kidney (overview)
The kidneys collects the fluid from blood through filtration and modifies the composition of that fluid before returning the fluid back to the fluid.
Describe the medulla section of the kidney
It is sectioned into medullary pyramids by renal columns which are extensions of the cortical tissue into the medullary tissue.
What makes up a Lobe of kidney and how many lobes are in humans
One medullary pyramid, its overlaying cortex and one half of the renal column on both sides. humans have 8-12 lobes per kidney.
What is a lobule
A smaller subdivision within a lobe
What is the path of urine drainage in the internal anatomy
It goes from out to in.
- Many nephrons
- Many Collecting duct (filtrate)
- Papillary duct (pointy end of medullary pyramid)
- Calyx “cups” (minor to major
- Pelvis (flattened basin)
- Ureter
- Stored in Urinary bladder
What is region between lobes
interlobar region. (Can extended in the medullary region or cortex region) contains some blood vessels
Describe the path of the arterial blood supply to the kidney up to where it can take 2 paths for gas exchange
Firstly from the heart it goes to the
- Renal artery
- interlobar artery
- arcuate artery
- interlobular artery
- afferent arteriole
- Glomerulus/Glomerular capillaries
- efferent arteriole where it can take 2 paths
Describe the 2 paths for gas exchange that can be taken after the arterial path
Can go through:
8a1: Descending Vasa recta to feed the cells in the medulla
8a2: Gas exchange happens at
Peritubular capillaries of the medulla (gas exchange)
OR
8b1: Peritubular capillaries of the cortex for gas exchange
Describe the path of the venous blood supply from the kidney up to the heart exchange
Firstly from place of gas exchange it goes 8a3: Ascending vasa recta 9. Interlobular vein 10. arcuate vein 11. interlobar vein 12. Renal vein 13. Inferior vena cava to heart
What does parenchyma means and what is the parenchyma of the kidneys and its functional portion
Parenchyma: The functional portion containing the functional units
Of the kidneys: renal cortex renal pyramids.
Functional units: nephron
Compare glomerulus vs Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule
Glomerulus is endothelium part which forms the network/knot of capillaries. It has afferent and efferent arterioles as input and output.
Conversely, Glomerular capsule is the epithelial layer on top which has visceral podocytes and parietal simple squamous to form outer wall of capsule
What is between the visceral and parietal epithelium of the glomerular capsule
Capsular/ Urinary space
What are the 3 elements of the glomerular filter from blood -> urinary space and what do they allow to pass through
- Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries. Allow everything except blood cells to go through
- Basal Laminar: Basement membrane (BM) of podocytes + endothelium.
Stops Large proteins from going through - Slit membrane/diaphragm between pedicels (foot processes of podocytes). Only allows small proteins through, stops medium size
Describe the path of the juxtamedullary nephron tubules from the Renal corpuscle
- Renal corpuscle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Thick descending loop of Henle
- Thin descending loop of Henle
- Thin ascending loop of Henle
- Thick ascending loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
8 Collecting duct
