Renaissance to the Enlightenment AA & A Flashcards
What is secular humanism?
involves the 5 senses:
What is god like? What is man like?
humanists
stress the potential value and goodness of humans, emphasize the common human needs and think rationally to solve problems
What do we get out of secular humanism?
- eploration
- study of nature
- scientific methods and solving functions
- colonization
- growth ot trade, food and people
secular humanism
belief that humanity is capable of morality and self-fulfillment without God
What did the religious reformation consists of?
the papal schism and its authority
Erasmus
Christian humanist
What would each person do for each person to be the best they are?
Luther
he interpreted the salvation between god and the person directly (no need of priest)
Absolutism
absolute control
constitutionalism
governed by the law
Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
France needed an heir and they debated between Christianity and Lutherism. The problem was that the previous king (Henry the 2nd) did not have a son. Tracing 6 generations back, Henry of Bartholomew was the heir. HOWEVER, he was Protestant (in a Catholic France). On the day Henry the 2nd’s sister marries Henry of Bartholomew, the mother organized a massacre between the 2 religions.
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis the 13th was left after the massacre. In order ot stop the enxt riot, the advisor (cardinal) told the king to bribe the nobles at Versailled by giving pensions and opportunities.
Versailles system
System of giving pensions, promoting absolutism while granting favors and job titles
Who was the heir after Elizabeth the I? What happens? (Bloodline)
King James I. He gets in trouble with parliament. Then comes King Charles the I. Charles I promises to Parliament that after war, everything that was gained from the war would be split with Parliament. however, Charles did not keep his word. OLIVER CROMWELL (Head of parliament) ends up killing Charles for this. Then comes James’s brother, Charles II who wants to be Catholic. NEW: another James. However parliament wants to control James. He refuses and runs away.
Who comes after James II in England?
His sister, Sister Mary becomes queen and THEY MUST RECOGNIZE POWER OF PARLIAMENT CALLED BILL OF RIGHTS (1688)
Why do we need laws according to John Locke?
We keep getting into fights. The only way to stop this is to have a leader/laws. We need 1 leader for organizing our life.
What would be the agreement between the monarchy and the civilians according to Locke in England?
You give the leder the power to rule the people, in return civilians sign their loyalty to him. However, the king has limitations
What are the limitations of the king? (John Locke)
The king can’t;
1. conditions must apply to everyone (no more punishment for people of different social status)
2. for good of the people
3. ruler can’t raise taxes/take someone’s property w/o permission
4. king can’t take your body and life without your permission
NOBEL PRIVELEGES ARE IRRELEVANT
Violation = overthrown
The Reformation
16th century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches
De Seigni’s view of man
man was formed out of earth, conceived in guilt, born to punishment, shameful and improper, van and unprofitable
- fueling fires
What was man’s purpose on earth according to De Seigni?
Riches, pleasures, honors
Riches lead to immortality
pleasure to shame
honors to vanity
Mirandola’s image of man?
Artisans of God
Man’s purpose on earth according to Mirandola?
best artisans of God. We must ponder the plan of so great a work, to love its beauty and to wonder at its vastness.
Define the limits of nature with freedom of choice and free will
What is man equipped with to achieve their purpose according to Mirandola?
freedom of choice, honor and free will
What is the Enlightenment?
marked a new way of thinking and eloquently affirmed the Enlightenment’s confidence in and commitment to reason
