Renaissance to the Enlightenment AA & A

Question 0

What is secular humanism?

Answer 0

involves the 5 senses:

What is god like? What is man like?

Question 1

humanists

Answer 1

stress the potential value and goodness of humans, emphasize the common human needs and think rationally to solve problems

Question 2

What do we get out of secular humanism?

Answer 2

• eploration
• study of nature
• scientific methods and solving functions
• colonization
• growth ot trade, food and people

Question 3

secular humanism

Answer 3

belief that humanity is capable of morality and self-fulfillment without God

Question 4

What did the religious reformation consists of?

Answer 4

the papal schism and its authority

Question 5

Erasmus

Answer 5

Christian humanist

What would each person do for each person to be the best they are?

Question 6

Luther

Answer 6

he interpreted the salvation between god and the person directly (no need of priest)

Question 7

Absolutism

Answer 7

absolute control

Question 8

constitutionalism

Answer 8

governed by the law

Question 9

Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 9

France needed an heir and they debated between Christianity and Lutherism. The problem was that the previous king (Henry the 2nd) did not have a son. Tracing 6 generations back, Henry of Bartholomew was the heir. HOWEVER, he was Protestant (in a Catholic France). On the day Henry the 2nd’s sister marries Henry of Bartholomew, the mother organized a massacre between the 2 religions.

Question 10

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 10

Louis the 13th was left after the massacre. In order ot stop the enxt riot, the advisor (cardinal) told the king to bribe the nobles at Versailled by giving pensions and opportunities.

Question 11

Versailles system

Answer 11

System of giving pensions, promoting absolutism while granting favors and job titles

Question 12

Who was the heir after Elizabeth the I? What happens? (Bloodline)

Answer 12

King James I. He gets in trouble with parliament. Then comes King Charles the I. Charles I promises to Parliament that after war, everything that was gained from the war would be split with Parliament. however, Charles did not keep his word. OLIVER CROMWELL (Head of parliament) ends up killing Charles for this. Then comes James’s brother, Charles II who wants to be Catholic. NEW: another James. However parliament wants to control James. He refuses and runs away.

Question 13

Who comes after James II in England?

Answer 13

His sister, Sister Mary becomes queen and THEY MUST RECOGNIZE POWER OF PARLIAMENT CALLED BILL OF RIGHTS (1688)

Question 14

Why do we need laws according to John Locke?

Answer 14

We keep getting into fights. The only way to stop this is to have a leader/laws. We need 1 leader for organizing our life.

Question 15

What would be the agreement between the monarchy and the civilians according to Locke in England?

Answer 15

You give the leder the power to rule the people, in return civilians sign their loyalty to him. However, the king has limitations

Question 16

What are the limitations of the king? (John Locke)

Answer 16

The king can’t;
1. conditions must apply to everyone (no more punishment for people of different social status)
2. for good of the people
3. ruler can’t raise taxes/take someone’s property w/o permission
4. king can’t take your body and life without your permission
NOBEL PRIVELEGES ARE IRRELEVANT
Violation = overthrown

Question 17

The Reformation

Answer 17

16th century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches

Question 18

De Seigni’s view of man

Answer 18

man was formed out of earth, conceived in guilt, born to punishment, shameful and improper, van and unprofitable
- fueling fires

Question 19

What was man’s purpose on earth according to De Seigni?

Answer 19

Riches, pleasures, honors
Riches lead to immortality
pleasure to shame
honors to vanity

Question 20

Mirandola’s image of man?

Answer 20

Artisans of God

Question 21

Man’s purpose on earth according to Mirandola?

Answer 21

best artisans of God. We must ponder the plan of so great a work, to love its beauty and to wonder at its vastness.
Define the limits of nature with freedom of choice and free will

Question 22

What is man equipped with to achieve their purpose according to Mirandola?

Answer 22

freedom of choice, honor and free will

Question 23

What is the Enlightenment?

Answer 23

marked a new way of thinking and eloquently affirmed the Enlightenment’s confidence in and commitment to reason

Question 24

What is immaturity according to Kant?

Answer 24

incapacity to use one’s intelligence without the guidance of another; lack of determination and courage

Question 25

What is the moral of the Enlightenment according to Kant?

Answer 25

people should ponder whether they would want the moral principle udnerlying their action to be ELEVATED to a universal law that would govern others in similar circumstances

Question 26

what has become natural to him for an isolated individual according to Kant?

Answer 26

Immaturity

Question 27

result of personal despotis/immaturity?

Answer 27

a never end to profit-seeking and domineering oppression may occur; but never a true reform of the state of mind

INSTEAD< NEW PREJUDICES just like the old ones WILL SERVE AS THE GUIDING REIGNS OF THE GREAT POPULATION

Question 28

What is required for enlightenment? (Kant)

Answer 28

FREEDOM- the least harmful; the freedom for man to make PUBLIC USE OF HIS REASON in all matters

but tax collectors, pastors, officers all say don’t argue. but they are preventing the enlightmenet and creating self-caused immaturity

Question 29

What did Arthur Young talk about?

Answer 29

scientific and technological methods of farming; connections among a free citizen, a free market, and free trade

Question 30

According to Young, what did the government do to encourage farming?

Answer 30

Constition does NOT have an bsolute control because of the BIll of RIths’ right to own crops/property without it being taken from you.
SO, our crops may not be taken away from us!
DEGREE OF SECURITY OF OSSESSION IS NECESSARY IN A CASE WHERE ALL OPPRESSIONS THAT THE NOBILITY AD WEALTHY LANDLORDS CAN THROW UPON THEIR TENANTS.

Question 31

What 7 things must be the circumstances for improved farming?

Answer 31

1. enclosing without the assistance of parliament.
2. by a spirited use of marl and cly
3. by the introduction of an excellent course of crops
4. by the culture of turnips well hand-hoed
5. By the culture of clover and ray-grace
6. By the landlords granting long leases
7. by the country being divided chiefly into large farms

Question 32

What 4 things should be grown in crops (Young)?

Answer 32

turnips, barley, clover/ray-grass, wheat

Question 33

What group of people petitioned against the Enclosure? (Young)

Answer 33

Hereunder
Petitioners the cottages and other peoples entitled to the right of common on the lands will be deprived of a certain number o cows, sheep, etc
A PRIVLEGE THAT ENABLES THEM NOT ONLY TO MAAINTAIN THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES BE

Question 34

Kay describes labor

Answer 34

the dull routine of ceaseless drudgery, condemned man to such severity of toil us, cultivating man the habits of an animal

• comforts and deliccies of life are neglected
• unconscious fatigue
• breathing in the dust or filaments of cotton
• house is ill furnished, uncleaned, food is meagre and innutritious
• workers are debilitated ahd hypochondrical and fall to the victims of dissipation

Question 35

What does Aiken talk about?

Answer 35

Machines such as the spinning machines, the cotton wheels maneuvered by kids, a paper mills, iron shops, iron doundry, and steam engines