Renaissance Test 2

Question 1

What was the Renaissance?

Answer 1

The renaissance was a time of artistic creativity and political, social, economic, and cultural change. It reawakened interest in classical learning, especially about Ancient Greece and Rome. There were 2 periods during the renaissance; the Italian Renaissance from about 1300-1600 and the Northern Renaissance from about 1450-1600. Remember that during this period, Italy was not unified. It was made of individual city-states each with their own form of government.

Question 2

Define Renaissance

Answer 2

Rebirth of classical learning

Question 3

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Answer 3

The Renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century and then spread throughout Europe.

Question 4

Why did the renaissance begin in Italy?

Answer 4

1) city-states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Rome had a lot of WEATH(Money)
2) these city-states became very wealthy during the Middle Ages because they were centers of trade
3) the trade industry helped other industries like banking and manufacturing grow
4) These city-states were led by a powerful and wealthy merchant class who became PATRONS(financial supporters) of the arts allowing the Renaissance to flourish

Question 5

Describe Florence and Medici Family

Answer 5

The city-state of Florence was a republic. It’s wealthy middle-class merchant families and guilds held much of the power. The city’s influential Medici family included some of the richest merchants and bankers in Europe. The powerful Medici family ruled Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance and they were great patrons of the arts

Question 6

Who was Cosimo de’ Medici?

Answer 6

• Lived from 1389-1464
• In 1434, Cosimo de’ Medici gained control of the Florence government
• His family ruled Florence for the next 300 years (except between 1494-1512 and 1527-1530)

Question 7

Who was Lorenzo de’ Medici?

Answer 7

• Lived from 1469-1492
• Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent
• He was a patron of Michelangelo

Question 8

What was humanism and why was it important?

Answer 8

An intellectual movement called Humanism was at the heart of the Renaissance movement. Humanism was a system of education a though that differed greatly from what had occurred during the middle ages. It was the study of worldly subjects such as grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric rather than religious subjects. Humanists wanted to study the texts and cultures of the Ancient Greeks and Romans to increase their understanding of current times. Humanists believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers

Question 9

What was a “Renaissance Man”?

Answer 9

The term “Renaissance Man” comes from the belief that men should embrace all knowledge and become skilled in all things. For example, Alberti was an accomplished architect, painter, poet, scientist, mathematician, as well as a great horseman.

Question 10

Who was Petrarch?

Answer 10

He lived from 1304-1374. Petrarch assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts. He wrote sonnets to Laura - a series of 366 poems from 1327-1368 about his love for Laura.

Question 11

Who was Baldassure Castiglione?

Answer 11

Lived from 1478-1529. Castiglione wrote the book of the courtier about the ideal man and woman.

Question 12

Who was Nicolai Machiavelli?

Answer 12

Lived from 1469-1527. He wrote the prince which stressed the ends justify the means. (Rulers should use whatever means necessary to achieve their goals)

Question 13

What was art like during the Renaissance?

Answer 13

Renaissance art reflected humanist concerns, usually with a tie to Ancient Greece or Rome. Professional artists were mostly men. Artists used perspective(making distant objects smaller than those closer) to give the paintings a three dimensional and more realistic look. Artists used shading to make objects look more lifelike. New oil paints reflected light. Artists studied anatomy and used live models to draw and paint for accurate deceptions. Artists rejected the Gothic architectural style of the Middle Ages and, instead, used columns, arches, and domes that were favoured by the Greeks and Romans.

Question 14

Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?

Answer 14

Lived from 1377-1446. Brunelleschi developed a technique for linear perspective. He built the dome of the Florence Cathedral.

Question 15

Who was Donatello?

Answer 15

Lived from 1386-1466. Donatello was a sculptor. He studied classical sculptures from Greece and Rome to develop his technique. Some of his famous works are 1)Marzoco -> a lion, the symbol of Florence
2) Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata

Question 16

What was Leonardo Da Vinci?

Answer 16

Lived from 1452-1519. Da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, writer, and botanist. He was a true Renaissance man. Some of his famous works are:

1) Annunciation
2) The last supper
3) John the Baptist
4) Mona Lisa
5) Rhombicubtahedron
6) Vitruvian Man
7) Flying Machine
* *He also studied anatomy**

Question 17

Who was Michelangelo?

Answer 17

Lived from 1475-1564. Michelangelo was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet. Some of his famous works are:

1) Pieta
2) Sistine Chapel Ceiling
3) David
4) Moses for the tomb of Pope Julius ll
5) Plans and engravings for St. Peter Basilica

Question 18

Who was Raphael?

Answer 18

Lived from 1483-1520. Raphael was an architect and a painter. Some of his famous works are:

1) The miraculous draught of fishes
2) St. Catherine of Alexandria
3) The Deliverance of St. Peter’s School of Athens
4) Portraits of Pope Julius ll and Balscassare Castiglione

Question 19

What was the Printing Revolution?

Answer 19

Lived from 1400-1468. In 1456, Johannes Gutenburg printed a complete edition of the Bible using the print press with moveable metal type. This began the printing revolution in Europe. Before the printing press, each book was hand copied. This made books very expensive and rare. Historians estimate that before the printing press, the amount of books produced in Europe was only in the thousands. After the invention of the printing press, the amount of books produced in Europe during the next fifty years reached millions.

Question 20

What impacts did the printing revolution have?

Answer 20

1. Books printed with moveable metal type were cheaper
2. More people learned to read and write
3. People gained access to more knowledge
4. Ideas were able to spread faster throughout Europe

Question 21

Describe how the Renaissance moved North

Answer 21

Problems resulting from the Black Death outbreak delayed the movement of the Renaissance into Northern Europe until about 1450. The Northern Renaissance began in Flanders ( northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands). Around 1500, The Renaissance spread into Spain, France, Germany, and England. People from Flanders were called Flemish.

Question 22

Who was Albrecht Durer?

Answer 22

Lived from 1471-1528. Durer was known as the German Leonardo. He studied the Italian masters. His works and essays helped spread the Renaissance in the North. He was a painter, engraver, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist. He studied human proportions. Some of his famous works are:

1) Columbines
2) Praying Hands
3) Young Hare
4) The Small Horse
5) The bearing of the Cross
6) His self-portrait

Question 23

Who were the van Eyck brothers?

Answer 23

They went by the names of Hubert and Jan. Hubert living from 1385-1426. but Jan only living from 1390-1441. The brothers paid great attention to detail, especially facial expressions. The also developed oil paints. Their most famous work was the Ghent Altarpiece. Jan went on to paint The Arnolfini Portrait and Annunciation.

Question 24

Who was Pieter Bruegel?

Answer 24

Lived from 1525-1569. Bruegel was a painter. He painted scenes of peasant life but also used his paintings to criticize the intolerance and cruelty he saw. Some of his famous works were:

1) Peasant Wedding
2) Hunters in the Snow

Question 25

Who was Hans Holbein, the younger?

Answer 25

Lived from 1497-1543. Holbein was a painter and a printmaker. Some of his famous works are:

1) Portrait of Henry the Eighth
2) Portrait of Anne of Cleves
3) The Abbot

Question 26

Who was Erasmus?

Answer 26

Lived from 1466-1536. Erasmus wanted the Bible translated into the vernacular (common language). He created a Greek version of the bible. He also criticized the church’s lack of spirituality. He wrote “The Praise of Folly” which ridiculed ignorance, superstition, and vice among Christians

Question 27

Who was Sir Thomas More?

Answer 27

Lived from 1478-1535. More wrote Utopia where he described an ideal society with no private property, where everyone was educated, and where justice was used to end crime. He was executed because he did not support King Henrey the Eighth. He later named a saint by the Catholic Church

Question 28

Who was William Shakespeare?

Answer 28

Lived from 1564-1616. Shakespeare was an English poet and play writer. He wrote 37 plays with universal themes that are still performed today. His characters spoke the vernacular (common language) of the common people. Many words and phrases used today first appeared in his work

Question 29

Who was Cervantes?

Answer 29

Lived from 1547-1616. Cervantes was a Spanish poet, and play writer. He wrote Don Quixote about an idealistic knight and his faithful servant Sancho Panza

Question 30

Who was Rabelais?

Answer 30

Lived from 1494-1553. Rabelais was a French writer, doctor, and monk. He wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel about two gentle giants.