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Social Studies > Renaissance and Reformation Unit Test > Flashcards

Renaissance and Reformation Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin and why?

A

Italy because better economy, wealthy, already had ruins, lived in cities so people could discuss ideas

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2
Q

Why did the Renaissance begin?

A

People were looking positively toward the future because the black death ended

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3
Q

Where did all the money come from in Italy?

A

Crusades, Mongols unified Asia, Arabs traders

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4
Q

Why were people attracted to Florence?

A

It was centrally located

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5
Q

Where did the money come from in Florence?

A

Banking and trading cloth

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6
Q

Why was Venice so important?

A

Used canals not roads for transportation, Important link between Europe and Asia, and Major shipbuilders

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7
Q

Who was the new ruling class? Why were they a “ruling class”?

A

Noble and merchant class marrying; because they were the only citizens

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8
Q

Who controlled the city-states?

A

Wealthy merchants controlled the republic

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9
Q

Why was diplomacy important?

A

making deals with other city-states to keep peace (solve the problem before it became a problem)

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10
Q

What was different about the Renaissance from the medieval period?

A

Medieval focused on the Church and Renaissance focused on Humanism (the individual)

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11
Q

Where did knowledge come from?

A

Reason rather than faith

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12
Q

What was the new literature written in and why was that important?

A

Written in the vernacular which meant more people had the opportunity to learn to read

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13
Q

Why was the Gutenberg press important?

A

It help spread ideas and mass produce books

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14
Q

What was the 1st book printed?

A

The Bible

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15
Q

How was renaissance art different from medieval art?

A

More realistic and 3d

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16
Q

List and describe the 3 different styles of art.

A

Perspective (vocab)
Chiaroscuro - using shadows and light
Fresco - watercolor painting on wet plaster

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17
Q

How did the renaissance ideas spread to northern Europe?

A

Trade, travel, war and printing press

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18
Q

How was art different in Northern Europe from Italy?

A

Northern artists used oils to be able to paint more details

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19
Q

Describe England’s theaters.

A

Opened and cheap so everyone could attend

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20
Q

What was Martin Luther’s purpose of criticizing the Catholic Church?

A

To reform it

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21
Q

What type of christianity formed from the Reformation?

A

Protestantism

22
Q

What problems did reformers have with the Catholic church?

A

Church was corrupt by selling indulgences, only priests could read the bible and charged taxes

23
Q

What did John Wycliffe believe was needed to be saved?

A

People needed to read and believe in the Bible because it was the only truth

24
Q

What did Erasmus believe people needed to be saved?

A

To live a good life

25
Q

Why was Martin Luther so angry when he traveled to Italy?

A

Some Priests couldn’t read, Some priests made fun of the church’s rituals and sold indulgences

26
Q

What were the 95 Theses? How did the ideas spread?

A

Martin Luther’s ideas about the corruption of the church; printing press allowed mass production of Theses.

27
Q

Why was Martin Luther excommunicated?

A

His ideas went against the Catholic Church’s beliefs

28
Q

Why did people revolt in Germany? Why did they think they could win?

A

High taxes and bad crops; they thought they could win because Luther went against the “powerful” pope and “won” but peasants lost

29
Q

Why did rulers in Germany support the Reformation?

A

Rulers supported the Reformation because they were tired of paying taxes to the pope (more political reasons than religious reasons)

30
Q

What was the Peace of Augsburg?

A

Stated that the German rulers could decide if their territory was Catholic or Lutheran

31
Q

What were the main ideas of Calvinism?

A

God decides the final outcome of all events in the universe, Believed in predestination so they live good, honest, hard working lives, and Church members choose clergy

32
Q

Why did Henry VIII want to separate from the Catholic church?

A

He wanted a divorce from his wife and the pope refused to annul the marriage

33
Q

What was the Act of Supremacy?

A

Stated that the king or queen of England was head of the church (allowing them to decide whether England was Catholic or Anglican)

34
Q

Marco Polo

A

Travel to China, wrote about it and influenced people to go to China

35
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

supported the arts in Florence

36
Q

Petrarch

A

humanist that looked for ancient works to promote ancient writings

37
Q

Dante

A

Wrote the Divine Comedy about a man’s journey from Hell to Heaven

38
Q

Chaucer

A

wrote Canterbury Tales poking fun of the different levels of society in England

39
Q

Gutenberg

A

invented the printing press with movable type

40
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa; also interested in the human body, developed the parachute, flying machine etc

41
Q

Michelangelo

A

painted Sistine Chapel ceiling

42
Q

Raphael

A

Painted Schools of Athens

43
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi

A

1st female artist to paint religious and historic paintings

44
Q

Jan van Eyck

A

Northern artist used oils for details - Painted The Arnolfini Portrait

45
Q

Albrecht Durer

A

famous engraver using stone, metal and wood - The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

46
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English playwright and poet - Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet

47
Q

Pope Leo X

A

excommunicated Martin Luther and denied Henry VIII’s annulment (King of England)

48
Q

John Calvin

A

predestination

49
Q

Bloody Mary

A

Queen of England; brought back the Catholic Church as the Church of England; persecuted (burned at the stake) anyone who did not follow

50
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Queen of England brought back the Anglican Church to England and tolerated Puritans; she was loved by her people

51
Q

James I and Charles I

A

persecuted the Puritans by arresting church officials and closing Puritan Churches; many left to the Americas (these are the Pilgrims)

Social Studies (1 decks)

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