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grade 8 social studies > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Feudalism

A

Hierarchy
The social system in which nobles hold lands for the Crown in exchange for military service. While the peasants worked on mansions and produced crop and keep a part of the yield and gave the rest to the Crown in exchange for military service.

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2
Q

The demolition of the feudal era

A

The 100 years war( Peasants revolt )
- Peasants revolted because of the high rents and taxes to fund the war
- Magna Carta was signed
Social system changed
The Bubonic Plague
- killed 1/3 of the population which decreased the payment on the manors
- Manors went bankrupt because of labour shortage
-Peasants moved out of manors and into towns situated around shops

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3
Q

Manors

A

Or fiefs- pieces of land

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4
Q

Serfs

A

Peasants who were not allowed to leave the manor

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5
Q

Freeman

A

Peasants who rented land from the lord or worked for pay

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6
Q

Guilds

A

Controlled stocks prices and standard of quality and decided who got to be accepted to be a trainee or apprentice

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7
Q

Journeymen

A

A person accepted to guild after years of training and passing the test. Years later they could be considered masters of their craft and be able to have apprentices of their own

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8
Q

Sumptuary Laws

A

Regulate the consumption of expensive and luxury goods

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9
Q

Top Level in Social System

NEW

A

High Church Officials
Rulers or lords of large manors
Old noble families
*Wealthy merchants

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10
Q

Middle Level in Social System

NEW

A 
Merchants and Businessmen
*Craftsmen
*Shop Keepers
*Bankers
Priests and lower church officials
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11
Q

Bottom Level in Social System

NEW

A 
Peasants
Rural labourers
Urban labourers
Servants
The unemployed
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12
Q

Feudalism System

A

King
Clerks and nobles
Knights
Peasants

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13
Q

Tithe

A

Portion of crop earnings given to the Church

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14
Q

In 1855

A

French historian Jules Michelet considered the term Renaissance to describe to generations as the time of rebirth in Italy

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15
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Rebirth

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16
Q

What did the Renaissance reawaken?

A

Classical learning especially about Ancient Rome and Greece

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17
Q

The Italian Renaissance ( Date )

A

1300-1600

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18
Q

The Northern Renaissance ( Date )

A

1450-1600

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19
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy

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20
Q

City States

A

Individual “city states” that were not unified and had their own government

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21
Q

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

A

Because city states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Rome had became very wealthy in Middle Ages. This in turn helped other industries grow.

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22
Q

Who led the city states?

A

The powerful and wealthy merchant class

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23
Q

Patrons

A

People who pay artists to paint for them

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24
Q

Florence was what?

A

A Republic

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25
Q

Who held the majority of the power?

A

The wealthy middle class

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26
Q

Who were the Medici?

A

Rulers of Florence
Patrons of art
Ruled Florence for 300 years( except between 1495-1512 and 1527- 1530
Included the some of the richest bankers and merchants

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27
Q

Cosimo de Medici

A

1434 he gained control of Florence
1389-1464
75 years of age

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28
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

Known as Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent

Patron of Michelangelo

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29
Q

Humanism

A

Study of classical learning
Study of worldly subjects
Grammar, history, poetry etc.

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30
Q

Who did Humanists study?

A

Ancient Greeks and Romans

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31
Q

Who is a “Renaissance Man”?

A

A Renaissance Man is a person who embraces all knowledge and becomes skilled in everything

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32
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

Assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts

Wrote Sonnets of Laura

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33
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

Wrote The Book of the Courtier

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34
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Wrote The Prince
Which stressed that the ends justifies the means
( Rulers should use whatever method necessary to achieve their goals)

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35
Q

Professional artists were? (Gender)

A

Men

36
Q

Renaissance artists used what in there paintings?

A

Shading- to make objects more life like

Perspective- to give dimension and to make them look more life like

37
Q

Artists studied/used

A

Anatomy and live models to paint more accurate depictions

38
Q

What did artists reject?

A

Gothic architecture and instead used columns, domes, and arches

39
Q

Filippo Brunelleschi

A

Developed the technique linear perspective.

He built the dome on the Florence Cathedral

40
Q

Donatello

A 
Sculptor
To develop his technique he studied classical sculpture
Famous Works:
Marzocco- The symbol of Florence
Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata
41
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A 
Renaissance Man
Painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, writer, and botanist
Famous Works:
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
Annunciation
John the Baptist
Flying Man
Vitruvian Man
42
Q

Michelangelo

A

Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet
Famous Works:
Pieta, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Moses for the tomb of Pope Julius the second
David
Plans and engraving for the Peter’s Basilica

43
Q

Raphael

A 
Painter and architect
Famous Works:
The Miraculous Draught of Fishes
St. Catherine Cathedral of Alexandria
The Deliverance of St. Peters
School of Athens
Portrait of Pope Julius the second and Baldassare Castiglione
44
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A 
1456 Gutenberg printed a complete edition of the Bible using the first printing press with movable metal type
This began the printing revolution
Impact:
1. Books were cheaper
2. More people learned to read
3. People gained access to knowledge
4. Ideas spread faster throughout Europe
45
Q

What prevented the Renaissance from moving north?

And until when?

A

The Black Death

About 1450

46
Q

Where did the Northern Renaissance begin

A

Flanders
( Northern France)
People from Flanders were called Flemish

47
Q

By 1500 where had the Renaissance reached?

A

France, Spain, Germany, and England

48
Q

Albrecht Durer

A 
Known as the German Leonardo
He studied the Italian masters
His works moved the Renaissance north
Painter, engraver, paintmaker, mathematician, and theorist
Famous Works:
Columbines
Praying Hands
Young Hare
The Small Horse
Bearing of the Cross
He studied the human proportions
49
Q

Hubert and Jan van Eyck

A

The brothers developed oil paints
Famous Works:
Both: Ghent Altarpiece
Jan: The Arnolfini Portrait and Annunciation

50
Q

Pieter Bruegel

A 
Painter
Painted scenes of peasants life
Also used his paintings to criticize the intolerance and cruelty he saw 
Famous Works:
Peasant Wedding
Hunters in the Snow
Massacre of the Innocents
51
Q

Hans Holbein, The Younger

A

Painter and printmaker
Famous Works:
Portraits of King Henry the eighth and Anne of Cleves
The Abbot

52
Q

Erasmus

A

Wanted the Bible to be translated into the vernacular
Created a greek version of the Bible
Criticized the churches lack of spirituality
Wrote the Praise of the Folly which ridiculed the ignorance, superstition and vice among the christians

53
Q

Sir Thomas More

A

Wrote Utopia where he described a ideal society with no private property, where everyone was educated, and where justice was used to end crime
Did not support King Henry the eighth and was executed
Later named a Saint by the catholic church

54
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English poet, and playwright, and actor
Wrote 37 play with universal themes that are still used today
Characters spoke the vernacular
Many phrases and words used today first appeared in his work

55
Q

Cervantes

A

Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright

Wrote Don Quixote

56
Q

Rabelais

A

French writer, doctor, and monk

Wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel

57
Q

What is the Silk Road?

Connecting what?

A

An intricate network of trade routes

Mediterranean to central Asia and Asia to China

58
Q

When did the Silk Road begin?

A

It began during China’s Han Dynasty in 130 BC until 1453

59
Q

Who closed the trade routes?

A

The Ottoman Empire in 1453

60
Q

Where did the Silk Road stretch

What did this connect?

A

The Silk Road stretched through Asia with additional overland and sea routes
China, India, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt, Africa, Greece, Rome, and even Britain

61
Q

Who pioneered the Silk Road?

Between what times?

A

Zhang Qian

125 BC - 138 BC

62
Q

When did the Silk Road reach its peak?

Between what times?

A

During the Mongol controlled Yuan Dynasty

1271- 1368 AD

63
Q

What was the penalty of attempting to take silkworms or their eggs out of the country was what?
Whos tight held secret was how to make silk?

A

Death

China’s

64
Q

Traders often traveled in what?

A

Caravans

65
Q

Why were camels used to carry items along the Silk Road?

A

Because they could travel long distances without water

66
Q

Why were the items carried across the Silk Road small?

A

Because the camels couldn’t carry heavy items over mountains and deserts

67
Q

Why were oasis towns so important?

A

Because caravans could stop and rest and gather supplies and eat
They were also important because merchants could also trade goods with the traders
They were located along major trade routes about one day apart

68
Q

What were some things that traveled to China?

A

Wool cloths, carpets, gold, silver, ivory, coral, precious stones, cucumbers, walnuts, sesame seeds, figs, alfalfa, and pomegranates

69
Q

What were some ideas that traveled TO China?

A

Winemaking out of grapes and Buddhism

70
Q

What are some things that traveled FROM China?

A

Silk, gun powder, paper, furs, ceramics, cinnamon bark, and rhubarb

71
Q

What are some diseases that traveled from China?

A

Measles, smallpox, and the Black Death

72
Q

How long was the Silk Road?

A

4000 Miles

73
Q

How many people traveled the full 4000 miles of the Silk Road?

A

Very few people

74
Q

How did things travel along the Silk Road?

A

Traders sell their items to merchants and these were exchanged along the rest of the Silk Road by aa intricate network of middlemen

75
Q

What did Silk Road travelers face?

A

deserts, mountain passes, sandstorms, lack of water, ice storms, heavy snowfall, avalanches, and flooding
Along with thieves laying in wait for vulnerable travelers

76
Q

Perhaps one of the most famous Silk Road travelers was who?

A

Marco Polo

77
Q

Marco Polo

A

Venetian merchant whose adventuresome travels across Asia and experiences in the court of Kublai Khan were recorded in a book “The Travels of Marco Polo”

78
Q

What was Marco Polo’s book called?

A

“The Travels of Marco Polo”

79
Q

What did Marco Polo do nevertheless?

A

He helped increase Europe’s fascination with Asia and inspired a whole new generation of explorers

80
Q

Perspective

A

The collective point of view of a specific group

81
Q

World View

A

Collection of beliefs about life and the universe that are held by an individual

82
Q

Point of View

A

Opinions and expressions held by an individual

83
Q

Isolation

A

The lack of knowledge about the world

84
Q

Contact

A

Somehow the outside world got in and forces you to see what the rest of the world is like

85
Q

Change

A

Things change because of seeing what was happening on the outside

grade 8 social studies (1 decks)

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