Renaissance Flashcards
Allegiance
Loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause. Being loyal and
Anatomy
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
Aqueducts
A pathway that gave people running water.
Astronomy
The study of stars.
Beliefs
An acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists. To, “believe in something or someone”
Bills of Exchange
A written order to a person to pay for something or to someone.
Black Death
A medieval plague that infected and killed around 200 million people.
Christianity
A religion based on the teachings of Jesus.
City-state
The city-state is a usually small, independent country consisting of a single city.
Civic Humanism
The term for moral and social and political Philosophy.
Classic civilizations
Classic civilizations is the study of the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean.
Crusades
Comes from the latin word meaning cross, the cross which Jesus was crucified. to go on a Crusade means to fight for Christ.
Cultural Contact
A contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems.
Democracy
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Excommunication
The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.
Exploration
The act of discovering and traveling to unknown land to learn about it.
Feudalism
A social system that had the king on top, then the nobles, then knites, then peasants last.
Heresy
The definition of heresy is a belief or action at odds with what is accepted, especially when the behavior is contrary to religious doctrine or belief. Basically a belief that does not apply to other religions and thoughts.
Hierarchy
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
Hinterland
the often uncharted areas beyond a coastal district or a river’s banks.
Holy Land
The holy land of Jerusalem which the crusades fought over.
Humanism
a system of thought that centres on humans and their values, potential, and worth; concerned with the needs and welfare of humans.
Indulgences
“a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins” in a Catholic Church.
Islam
A religion based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammed.
Isolation
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
Judaism
Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people, comprising the collective religious, cultural and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people.
Manor/Fiefdoms
The manor is a castle which a noble owns and a fiefdom is the land.
The Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
Monarchies
A form of government where the “monarch” (usually king or queen) is the highest and in charge.
Nobles
A rank which is lower than the king. they manage and hire people to work for the king.
Oligarchy
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
Patrons
a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity.
Peasants/serfs
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or farmer with limited land ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. A serf is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it.
Perspective
the way or point of view something is seen.
Philosophers
a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.
Pilgrim
A pilgrim (from the Latin peregrinus) is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a holy place.
Renaissance
A time period after the Middle Ages. It means rebirth.
Rural
in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.
Scientific method
A method of acquiring knowledge that was further developed during the Renaissance.
Silk Road
The Silk Road is a network of trading routes that stretches across Asia to Europe.
Sovereignty
supreme power or authority.
Trade
To give something for something else in exchange.
Urbanization
the process of making an area more urban. ( make it more city/town like)
Usury
the illegal action or practice of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest.
Values
the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
Vernacular
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
Worldview
The way a person or group views the world.
Tithe
A portion of your money (10%) that you have to pay to the church.
Francesco Petrarch
an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian Renaissance who was one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch’s rediscovery of Cicero’s letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. He was a poet, scholar, and mountaineer.
Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch philosopher and Christian humanist who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance. he was a writer, philosopher, and theologian.
Michel de Montaigne
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Lord of Montaigne was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with intellectual insight. He was a philosopher and a writer.
Leonardo de Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, known as Leonardo da Vinci, was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance whose areas of interest included invention, drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, paleontology, and cartography.
Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, better known as Donatello, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance. Italian sculptor Donatello was the greatest Florentine sculptor before Michelangelo (1475–1564) and was the most influential individual artist of the 15th century in Italy.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance-era polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. He was an Astronomer, Physician, Diplomat, Philosopher, Artist, Economist, Mathematician, and Polymath.
Geoffery Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet and author. Widely seen as the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages, he is best known for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer has been styled the “Father of English literature”. He was the first writer buried in Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey.
Sir Thomas More
Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a Chancellor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532
Martin Luther
Martin Luther, O.S.A., was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences.
Lorenzo de Medici
Lorenzo de’ Medici was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets.
Sir Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, PC QC was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are credited with developing the scientific method and remained influential through the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. He also was the creator of the Scientific Method.
Henry The Navigator
Infante Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, better known as Prince Henry the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the New World for conquest and permanent European colonization of the Americas.
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.
Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, pirate, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era.
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor.
Vasco da Gama’s
Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient.
Be able to identify the eight (8) Worldview categories and explain how they shape a person’s perspective of the world.
- Geography, How does geography make a person eat or dress or influence nature’s beauty in your perspective?
- Time, How does time influence your day, how is time divided?
- Beliefs, What religions are found in your society? Who controls the religion, how does religion influence your society, how does science influence society?
- Society, What roles and jobs are available in society? Who had the power in society? How does one get status in your society? How is society divided? What different groups are found in society?
- Values, What is important to you, it might make you think that the world is how you value it.
- Economy, How does the person think that the economy of the world is, if he only knows that some of the world is poor, he might think all of it is poor.
- Knowledge, How do people obtain knowledge, how do you know the knowledge is acceptable. Based on what you know you might think the world is like it.
When did the Middle Ages begin and with what event?
In September 4, 476 AD at the Fall of Rome.
Why did Europe become such a violent place during the Early Middle Ages?
Because the barbarians came and took over and ruled
Who is thought to be a key figure in bringing stability to Europe? What event lead to the power of this figure and how did he bring stability?
King William the Conqueror created and bring peace. He created the feudalism system
Why is the feudalism hierarchy often drawn in a pyramid shape?
Because it best explains it because the king is by himself, that’s why he is in a small triangle, then it gets bigger as nobles are more, then knights are more, and peasants are the most.
What did Feudalism provide?
A system based on your rank in society.
