renaissance 2 Flashcards
What drove the economy in Flanders during the 15th century?
A thriving economy driven by merchants and craft guilds commissioning art.
What painting medium rose in popularity across Europe in the 15th century?
Oil-based pigments.
What political context characterized Northern Europe in the 15th century?
Competing Popes, centralized royal governments, and the emergence of early European capitalism.
What economic development fostered an interconnected network in Northern Europe?
New credit and exchange systems.
Who supported the flourishing art scene in Northern Europe?
Royalty, dukes, the Church, and private individuals.
What key development in art occurred in the 15th century?
Adoption of oil-based pigments and the blossoming of printmaking.
Who ruled Flanders during the 15th century?
The Duke of Burgundy.
What became a major financial center for Northern Europe?
Bruges.
What was the purpose of the Chartreuse de Champmol?
A monastery for Carthusian monks dedicated to solitary prayer and living.
Who was the sculptor at Chartreuse de Champmol?
Claus Sluter.
What did the Well of Moses feature?
Statues of Moses and other prophets.
What did Fons Vitae symbolize?
The fountain of everlasting life, with Christ’s blood washing over prophets.
What characterized Claus Sluter’s style?
Detailed naturalism in depicting faces and fabrics.
What was the Champmol Altarpiece?
featured statue of Moses and other prophets made by Claus Slater
What did the exterior panels of the Retable de Champmol depict?
Scenes like the Annunciation, Visitation, Presentation in the Temple, and Flight into Egypt.
What architectural styles were combined in the Retable de Champmol?
Romanesque and Gothic.
What technique was used in the Retable de Champmol?
Mixed 3D landscapes and buildings with gold backgrounds and halos.
What impact did the Retable de Champmol have on oil painting?
It foreshadowed the widespread use of oil paints.
What are the advantages of oil paints?
Allowed for detailed rendering, richer colors, intense tonality, glowing light, and glistening surfaces.
Who is known as the Master of Flémalle?
Robert Campin.
What is the key work of Robert Campin?
Mérode Altarpiece.
What does the central panel of the Mérode Triptych depict?
The Annunciation.
What symbolism is present in the Mérode Triptych?
Objects representing Mary’s purity and Christ as bait for the Devil.
Who was Jan van Eyck?
The first internationally renowned Netherlandish painter.
What is significant about the Ghent Altarpiece?
It is one of the largest 15th-century altarpieces.
Who commissioned the Ghent Altarpiece?
Jodocus Vyd and his wife.
What does the interior of the Ghent Altarpiece depict?
God the Father, Virgin Mary, John the Baptist, angels, Adam and Eve, scenes of salvation and the Lamb of God.
What is depicted in Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife?
Arnolfini and his wife in a domestic setting.
What does the dog symbolize in Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife?
Fidelity.
What is tempera?
Egg-based paint with a velvety sheen.
What are the advantages of oil paint?
Uniform drying, reworkable, blending (sfumato), and light reflection.
What role did frames play in artwork?
Frames served visual and conceptual functions.
What is the significance of Man in a Red Turban?
Possible self-portrait of Jan van Eyck looking directly at the viewer.
What is Rogier van der Weyden known for?
Portraits and dynamic compositions emphasizing human action and drama.
What does the Deposition depict?
Compressed figures and shared pain between Christ and Mary.
What controlled artistic production in Flanders?
Guilds, specifically the Guild of Saint Luke.
What was the training process for artists in Flanders?
Apprenticeship, journeyman, master.
What limited opportunities did women artists face?
Restricted from figure painting due to social constraints.
What is A Goldsmith in His Shop by Petrus Christus about?
Saint Eligius, a couple, and symbolic objects related to the goldsmith’s guild.
What technique did Dieric Bouts use in Last Supper?
Linear perspective and a vanishing point to create depth.
What is the Portinari Altarpiece known for?
Influencing Florentine artists.
What was the impact of the Hundred Years’ War on France?
Political instability and the rise of duchies.
What style characterized manuscript painting in France?
Refined illuminated manuscripts with increasingly illusionistic spaces.
What did the Limbourg Brothers innovate?
Advanced illusionistic illumination.
What is the Melun Diptych by Jean Fouquet about?
Étienne Chevalier, Saint Stephen, and Virgin Mary.
What characterized the art patronage in the Holy Roman Empire?
Wealthy merchants and clergy.
What is notable about Konrad Witz’s Altarpiece of Saint Peter?
Its prominent landscape and realistic water effects.
What style is associated with Veit Stoss?
Intense piety, realistic figures, sharp and broken forms.
What did Johannes Gutenberg invent?
Moveable type and the printing press.
What was the impact of Johannes Gutenberg’s invention?
Revolutionized written communication and information management.
What are woodcuts?
An early printing method used for illustrated books.
What technique did Martin Schongauer use in engraving?
Cross-hatching.
What is the difference between intaglio and relief prints?
Intaglio offers wider linear variety and shows the artist’s touch more prominently.
