Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Albrect Dürer

A

German artist

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2
Q

Anabaptists

A

Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism conformed to Scripture

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3
Q

Impact of Reformation on music

A

Religious Music (chorales)

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4
Q

Baptistry Doors

A

“Doors to Heaven”

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5
Q

Birth of Venus

A

Painting by Botticelli
Unique because it depicts classical figures

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6
Q

Caterina Sforza

A
  • An Italian noblewoman
  • daughter of the duke of Milan.
  • held numerous titles in positions of political power.
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7
Q

Charles V

A
  • Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms.
  • supporter of Catholicism
  • tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation
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8
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.

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9
Q

chorale

A

congregational hymn of the German Lutheran church

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10
Q

Christian humanism

A

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

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11
Q

Christine de Pizan

A

wrote The Book of the City of Ladies (french)

First woman to earn money as a writer

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12
Q

Cimabue

A

One of first artists to break away from Italio-Byzantine style, Giotto’s teacher,

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13
Q

Civic Humanism

A

The belief that individuals owe a service to their community and its government. During the Renaissance, political theorists argued that selfless service to the polity was of critical importance in a self-governing republic.

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14
Q

Council of Trent

A

Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences

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15
Q

David [Donatello]

A

First free standing nude sculpture since greeks and romans

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16
Q

David [Michaelangelo]

A

High Renaissance
shows contrapposso, realism, etc.

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17
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A
  • Dutch humanist and theologian
  • opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther.
  • wrote The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin
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18
Q

Differences between Italian & Northern Renaissance

A

The Italian Renaissance

  • focused on rediscovering Classical Greek in Rome
  • sculptures and paintings had perspective.
  • Frescoes depicting individualism

The northern renaissance

  • emphasis on humanism (no focus on idealism).
  • Highly detailed
  • Happened after the Italian renaissance.
  • Had More oil paint.
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19
Q

Doctrine of Predestination

A

The Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.

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20
Q

Double Arnolfini Portrait

A

Realism, Fertility, Marriage

Extreme Detail

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21
Q

engraving

A

a print made from an engraved plate, block, or other surface.

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22
Q

Florentine Il Duomo

A

Sets the scene for early and italian renassance styles

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23
Q

German peasant revolts

A

These were widespread uprisings of German peasants who were protesting economic and social injustices./ These uprisings were partially a result of the spread of Luther’s ideas.

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24
Q

Giotto

A

(1276-1337) Florentine Painter who led the way in the use of realism.

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25
Q

Grünewald

A

-very gruesome! (grune=gruesome)

-He likes to paint monsters and such

-Isenheim Altarpiece

26
Q

Gutenberg printing press

A

used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation

27
Q

Hans Holbein the Younger

A

German Painter noted for his portraits and religious paintings. and the protrait of Henry VIII.

28
Q

Henry VIII

A

English king who created the Church of England (Anglican Church) after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

29
Q

Hieronymus Bosch

A
  • Dutch painter
  • The Garden of Earthly Delights, in which grotesque, fantastical creatures mingle with human figures.
30
Q

Humanists

A

People who specialize in studying the grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric. Taught life should be meaningful. Displayed a critical approach to learning.

31
Q

indulgences

A

pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one’s punishment

32
Q

Jakob Burkhardt

A

Wrote “The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy,” which argued that European culture was reborn during the Renaissance.

33
Q

Jan van Eyck

A
  • Flemish painter who was a
  • pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
34
Q

John Calvin

A

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

35
Q

La Primavera

A
36
Q

Grisaille

A

a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture

37
Q

Lamentation

A

the passionate expression of grief or sorrow; weeping

38
Q

linear perspective

A

A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

39
Q

Lucretia Marinella

A

women autonomous beings; not to be defined in relation to men only

40
Q

Martin Luther

A

German theologian who led the Reformation

41
Q

Memento mori

A

an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull

42
Q

Mona Lisa

A

A painting by Leonardo da Vinci of a woman with a mysterious smile; sfumato

43
Q

Patron

A

Financial supporter of the arts

44
Q

Florence

A

an Italian city-state and leading cultural center during the Renaissance

45
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

46
Q

Petrarch

A

(1304-1374) Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.

Also father of Italian Humanism

47
Q

Pieta

A

A painted or sculpted representation of the Virgin Mary mourning over the body of the dead Christ. (michelangelo)

48
Q

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

A

Flemish Renaissance painter known for landscapes and depictions of peasant life

Peasant Wedding

49
Q

School of Athens

A

Raphael

50
Q

Self Portrait

A

a portrait of an artist produced or created by that artist.

51
Q

sfumato

A

the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.

52
Q

Sistine Chapel

A

A Catholic church in Vatican City, Italy. Its ceiling was painted by the Renaissance artist Michelangelo.

53
Q

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

A

criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling

54
Q

The Last Supper

A

A Passover meal which literally became the last meal taken by Christ with his apostles, the night before his Passion.

By Da Vinci

55
Q

The Medici

A

powerful banking family who ruled Florence in the 1400s, patrons of the arts

56
Q

Titian

A

Artist of Venus of Urbino & Assumption of the Virgin

57
Q

vernacular

A

Everyday language of ordinary people

promoted spread of renaissance through literature

58
Q

witch trials

A

Accusations on women as a result of deformations, disease, etc.

occured at a time women began to speak out

59
Q

Women in Renaissance

A

Increased education, functioned as “ornaments” to their husbands and make themselves pleasing to the man

60
Q

woodcut

A

a print of a type made from a design cut in a block of wood, formerly widely used for illustrations in books.