Renaissance Flashcards
Albrect Dürer
German artist
Anabaptists
Protestants who insisted that only adult baptism conformed to Scripture
Impact of Reformation on music
Religious Music (chorales)
Baptistry Doors
“Doors to Heaven”
Birth of Venus
Painting by Botticelli
Unique because it depicts classical figures
Caterina Sforza
- An Italian noblewoman
- daughter of the duke of Milan.
- held numerous titles in positions of political power.
Charles V
- Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms.
- supporter of Catholicism
- tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation
Chiaroscuro
The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.
chorale
congregational hymn of the German Lutheran church
Christian humanism
a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church
Christine de Pizan
wrote The Book of the City of Ladies (french)
First woman to earn money as a writer
Cimabue
One of first artists to break away from Italio-Byzantine style, Giotto’s teacher,
Civic Humanism
The belief that individuals owe a service to their community and its government. During the Renaissance, political theorists argued that selfless service to the polity was of critical importance in a self-governing republic.
Council of Trent
Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences
David [Donatello]
First free standing nude sculpture since greeks and romans
David [Michaelangelo]
High Renaissance
shows contrapposso, realism, etc.
Desiderius Erasmus
- Dutch humanist and theologian
- opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther.
- wrote The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin
Differences between Italian & Northern Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance
- focused on rediscovering Classical Greek in Rome
- sculptures and paintings had perspective.
- Frescoes depicting individualism
The northern renaissance
- emphasis on humanism (no focus on idealism).
- Highly detailed
- Happened after the Italian renaissance.
- Had More oil paint.
Doctrine of Predestination
The Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.
Double Arnolfini Portrait
Realism, Fertility, Marriage
Extreme Detail
engraving
a print made from an engraved plate, block, or other surface.
Florentine Il Duomo
Sets the scene for early and italian renassance styles
German peasant revolts
These were widespread uprisings of German peasants who were protesting economic and social injustices./ These uprisings were partially a result of the spread of Luther’s ideas.
Giotto
(1276-1337) Florentine Painter who led the way in the use of realism.
Grünewald
-very gruesome! (grune=gruesome)
-He likes to paint monsters and such
-Isenheim Altarpiece
Gutenberg printing press
used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation
Hans Holbein the Younger
German Painter noted for his portraits and religious paintings. and the protrait of Henry VIII.
Henry VIII
English king who created the Church of England (Anglican Church) after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)
Hieronymus Bosch
- Dutch painter
- The Garden of Earthly Delights, in which grotesque, fantastical creatures mingle with human figures.
Humanists
People who specialize in studying the grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric. Taught life should be meaningful. Displayed a critical approach to learning.
indulgences
pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one’s punishment
Jakob Burkhardt
Wrote “The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy,” which argued that European culture was reborn during the Renaissance.
Jan van Eyck
- Flemish painter who was a
- pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
John Calvin
religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society
La Primavera
Grisaille
a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture
Lamentation
the passionate expression of grief or sorrow; weeping
linear perspective
A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.
Lucretia Marinella
women autonomous beings; not to be defined in relation to men only
Martin Luther
German theologian who led the Reformation
Memento mori
an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull
Mona Lisa
A painting by Leonardo da Vinci of a woman with a mysterious smile; sfumato
Patron
Financial supporter of the arts
Florence
an Italian city-state and leading cultural center during the Renaissance
Peace of Augsburg
1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler
Petrarch
(1304-1374) Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.
Also father of Italian Humanism
Pieta
A painted or sculpted representation of the Virgin Mary mourning over the body of the dead Christ. (michelangelo)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Flemish Renaissance painter known for landscapes and depictions of peasant life
Peasant Wedding
School of Athens
Raphael
Self Portrait
a portrait of an artist produced or created by that artist.
sfumato
the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.
Sistine Chapel
A Catholic church in Vatican City, Italy. Its ceiling was painted by the Renaissance artist Michelangelo.
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling
The Last Supper
A Passover meal which literally became the last meal taken by Christ with his apostles, the night before his Passion.
By Da Vinci
The Medici
powerful banking family who ruled Florence in the 1400s, patrons of the arts
Titian
Artist of Venus of Urbino & Assumption of the Virgin
vernacular
Everyday language of ordinary people
promoted spread of renaissance through literature
witch trials
Accusations on women as a result of deformations, disease, etc.
occured at a time women began to speak out
Women in Renaissance
Increased education, functioned as “ornaments” to their husbands and make themselves pleasing to the man
woodcut
a print of a type made from a design cut in a block of wood, formerly widely used for illustrations in books.
